ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu wai ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kālailai i ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano o ka surfactant a me ka dispersibility. Ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana paʻa hydrophobic, hiki iā lākou ke adsorb i nā hui hydrophobic o nā surfactants. I ke ʻano o nā surfactants anionic, ʻo nā hui hydrophilic e kū pono ana i waho e hoʻokuke aku kekahi i kekahi ma muli o kā lākou mau uku like. Ua maopopo ka piʻi ʻana o ka pono adsorption o nā surfactants me ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao hydrophobic, a no laila ʻo nā surfactants me nā kaulahao kalapona lōʻihi e hōʻike ana i ka dispersibility maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o nā mea me nā kaulahao pōkole.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hydrophilicity o nā surfactants e hoʻonui i ko lākou solubility i ka wai, a laila e hōʻemi ana i kā lākou adsorption ma ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana. ʻOi aku ka ʻike ʻia o kēia hopena ke nāwaliwali ka ikaika o ka pilina ma waena o ka surfactant a me nā ʻāpana. No ka laʻana, i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha dye aqueous, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā dispersants lignosulfonate sulfonated kiʻekiʻe no nā dyes hydrophobic ikaika e hana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha me ke kūpaʻa thermal maikaʻi loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka dispersant like i nā dyes hydrophilic e hopena i ka paʻa thermal maikaʻi ʻole; i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā dispersants lignosulfonate me kahi haʻahaʻa o ka sulfonation e loaʻa ai nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha me ke kūpaʻa thermal maikaʻi. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ia ka solubility kiʻekiʻe o nā dispersants sulfonated kiʻekiʻe i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokaʻawale koke iā lākou mai ka ʻili o nā dyes hydrophilic, kahi i nāwaliwali ai ka pilina mua, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka dispersibility.
Inā lawe nā ʻāpana i hoʻopuehu ʻia i nā uku uila a koho ʻia kahi surfactant me nā uku kū'ē, hiki ke hana ʻia ka flocculation ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā uku ma nā ʻāpana. Ma hope wale nō o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o kahi papa ʻelua o ka surfactant ma luna o nā ʻāpana i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka uku hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻolaha paʻa. Inā koho ʻia kahi surfactant me nā uku like, lilo ka adsorption o ka surfactant ma luna o nā ʻāpana i mea paʻakikī; pēlā nō, ʻo ka adsorption lawa e hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻolaha ʻana e loaʻa wale nō ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. I ka hana maoli, ʻo nā mea hoʻolaha ionic i hoʻohana ʻia he nui nā hui ionic i hoʻolaha ʻia.ma o ka molekole surfactant holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou mau hui hydrophobic i hana ʻia me nā kaulahao hydrocarbon unsaturated me nā hui polar e like me nā apo aromatic a i ʻole nā palapala ether.
No nā polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants, hoʻolōʻihi nā kaulahao polyoxyethylene hydrated kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka pae wai i loko o kahi ʻano ʻōwili, e hana ana i kahi pale steric kūpono e kūʻē i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā ʻāpana paʻa. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā kaulahao oxyethylene hydrated mānoanoa, multi-layered e hōʻemi nui i nā mana van der Waals ma waena o nā ʻāpana, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā copolymers poloka o ka propylene oxide a me ka ethylene oxide he kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻonui kā lākou mau kaulahao polyoxyethylene lōʻihi i ka solubility i ka wai, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou mau hui polypropylene oxide hydrophobic i hoʻonui ʻia e paipai i ka adsorption ikaika ma luna o nā ʻāpana paʻa; no laila, ʻo nā copolymers me nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana ʻelua he mea kūpono loa ia e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe.
Ke hui pū ʻia nā surfactants ionic a me nonionic, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōnaehana hui ʻia ke hoʻonui i nā molekala i loko o ka pae wai, e hana ana i kahi pale steric e pale ai i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā ʻāpana, akā hoʻonui pū i ka ikaika o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni interfacial ma nā ʻāpana paʻa. No laila, no ka ʻōnaehana hui ʻia, inā ʻaʻole i kāohi nui ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka solubility o nā surfactants i loko o ka pae wai i kā lākou adsorption ma ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana, e hōʻike ka dispersant me nā kaulahao hydrophobic lōʻihi i ka hana dispersing maikaʻi loa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-31-2025