ʻO nā surfactants Amphoteric he mau surfactants e loaʻa ana nā hui hydrophilic anionic a me nā hui hydrophilic cationic i loko o ka molekala hoʻokahi. ʻO ko lākou ʻano koʻikoʻi loa, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi a ʻae i nā protons. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano aʻe i ka wā e hoʻohana ai: ʻO nā surfactants Amphoteric ma ke ʻano laulā he hana maikaʻi i ka holoi ʻana, ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, ka emulsifying, ka sterilizing, ka palupalu ʻana i nā fibers, a me ka antistatic, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea kōkua hoʻopau lole, nā mea kōkua dyeing, nā mea hoʻolaha kopa calcium, nā surfactants hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa i ka corrosion metala, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa iā lākou ka palupalu maikaʻi loa, ka laumania, a me nā waiwai antistatic no nā lole; kekahi mau waiwai bactericidal a me ka mold-inhibiting; a me nā waiwai emulsifying a me ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, he pipiʻi kēia ʻano surfactant, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāna ʻano noi maoli ma mua o nā ʻano surfactants ʻē aʻe. He surfactant palupalu ia. ʻAʻole e like me nā surfactants anionic a cationic paha, loaʻa i nā molekala surfactant amphoteric nā hui acidic a me nā kumu ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka molekala. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hui waikawa he carboxyl, sulfonic acid, a i ʻole nā hui phosphate, ʻoiai ʻo nā hui kumu he mau hui amino a i ʻole quaternary ammonium. Hiki ke hui pū ʻia me nā surfactants anionic a me nonionic a kū i nā waikawa, alkalis, paʻakai, a me nā paʻakai metala alkaline honua.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā surfactants amphoteric synthetic i hoʻohana nui ʻia he mau hui carboxylate ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana anionic, me kekahi mau hui sulfonate; ʻo kā lākou mau ʻāpana cationic he mau paʻakai amine a i ʻole nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary. ʻO ka poʻe me nā paʻakai amine ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana cationic ua kapa ʻia he ʻano amino acid; ʻo ka poʻe me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana cationic ua kapa ʻia he ʻano betaine.
- ʻAno waikawa amino
He alkaline ka hopena wai o nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano amino acid. Ke hoʻohui mālie ʻia ka waikawa hydrochloric me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻaʻohe loli ke lilo ka hopena i neutral. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi precipitate ke lilo ka hopena i acidic iki. Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka waikawa hydrochloric hou aʻe e hana i ka hopena i acidic ikaika, hoʻoheheʻe hou ka precipitate. Hōʻike kēia e hana ana ia ma ke ʻano he surfactant anionic i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline a ma ke ʻano he surfactant cationic i loko o kahi ʻano acidic. Eia nō naʻe, ke kaulike pono nā waiwai cationic a me anionic ma ke kiko isoelectric, emi ka hydrophilicity, e hopena ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi precipitate. ʻO ka anion i loko o ka molekala he hui carboxyl, a ʻo ka cation he paʻakai ammonium. Hōʻike kēia ʻano surfactant i nā hana ʻili like ʻole me nā loli i ka pH o ka medium. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka waikawa dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) i ka sodium dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) i loko o kahi medium sodium hydroxide, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he surfactant anionic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. I loko o kahi medium hydrochloric acid, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka paʻakai hydrochloride o ka waikawa dodecylaminopropionic [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], e hana ana ma ke ʻano he surfactant cationic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Inā hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pH o ka medium i mea e kaulike pono ai nā uku maikaʻi a me nā uku maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻololi ʻia ia i kahi paʻakai o loko (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), kahi mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a puka i waho. ʻO ka pH ma kēia wahi ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka isoelectric point. No ka hoʻokō piha ʻana i ka hopena o nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano amino acid, pono e hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hopena wai me ka pH e haʻalele ana mai ka isoelectric point. ʻO nā mea maka maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano amino acid e komo pū me nā amines aliphatic kiʻekiʻe, methyl acrylate (e ʻike i nā esters acrylate), acrylonitrile, a me ka waikawa chloroacetic.
- Bʻano etaine
ʻO nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano Betaine ka mea nui loa o ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā hopena wai inā he acidic, neutral a alkaline paha. ʻAʻole lākou e precipitate ʻoiai ma ka isoelectric point. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai maikaʻi e like me ka permeability, detergent a me ka hana antistatic. No laila, he mau emulsifiers a me nā softeners maikaʻi lākou.
ʻO Carboxybetaine
ʻO ka anion i loko o ka molekala he hui carboxyl, a ʻo ka cation he hui ammonium quaternary. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], kahi i loaʻa ai i ka hui alkyl R he 12 a 18 mau ʻātoma kalapona. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano amino acid, hiki i nā ʻano betaine ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai i loko o ka media acidic, neutral, a alkaline paha, a ʻaʻole e precipitate ʻoiai ma ke kiko isoelectric, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hopena wai me kekahi pH. I loko o ka media acidic, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ai ka pH o ke kiko isoelectric, hana ia ma ke ʻano he surfactant cationic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; i loko o ka media neutral a alkaline paha, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā e like ai ka pH a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ke kiko isoelectric, hana ia ma ke ʻano he surfactant amphoteric hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a ʻaʻole hana ia ma ke ʻano he surfactant anionic. Hoʻokumu pinepine nā surfactants Amphoteric i nā precipitates me nā surfactants anionic i loko o nā media acidic wale nō. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me kekahi ʻano surfactant i loko o nā media me nā waiwai pH like ʻole. ʻO nā mea maka maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano betaine e komo pū me ka alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines a me ka sodium chloroacetate, a pēlā aku.
Sulfobetaine
ʻO ka hui anionic i loko o ka molekala ka hui sulfo (SO3-), a ʻo ka hui cationic ka hui ammonium quaternary. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] a me alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. ʻO ka helu o nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o ka hui alkyl R i loko o nā formula mai 12 a 18. Loaʻa i nā Sulfobetaines nā waiwai piha; ʻaʻole wale lākou i loaʻa nā pono āpau o nā betaines maʻamau akā loaʻa pū kekahi mau pono kūikawā e like me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā waikawa, alkalis, a me nā paʻakai. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] e pani i nā sulfopropyl betaines, kahi e hana ai i nā mea ʻino i ke kino kanaka i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. Ma muli o ke alo o nā hui anionic a me cationic me nā hui hydroxyl i loko o ko lākou ʻano, ʻaʻole wale lākou i loaʻa nā pono āpau o nā surfactants amphoteric akā hōʻike pū kekahi i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā waikawa, alkalis, a me nā paʻakai, nā waiwai emulsifying, dispersing, a me nā antistatic maikaʻi, a me nā waiwai bactericidal, antifungal, a me viscoelastic. He mau surfactants lākou me ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā kemika o kēlā me kēia lā, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka ʻaila kahua ʻaila, fracturing, a me ka acidizing.
ʻO ka betaine phospholipid
ʻO ka hui anionic i loko o ka molekala ka hui phosphate (HPO4-), a ʻo ka hui cationic ka hui ammonium quaternary. No ka laʻana, alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], kahi i loaʻa ai i ka hui alkyl R he 12 a 18 mau ʻātoma kalapona. Hoʻoholo kēia ʻano hana ʻaʻole ia wale nō nā waiwai maikaʻi loa o nā surfactants amphoteric e like me ka wettability, detergent, solubilization, emulsifying a me nā waiwai dispersing, ka waiwai antistatic, ka paʻa wela, a me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi, ka huhū haʻahaʻa, a me nā pono ma luna o nā surfactants anionic maʻamau e like me ke kūpaʻa alkali maikaʻi aʻe, ke kūpaʻa electrolyte, a me ka waiwai antistatic, akā he dispersibility kopa calcium ikaika, ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻili, a me ka hana hua maikaʻi loa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Pepeluali-04-2026