He aha nā mea hoʻohana o nā surfactants i ka mahiʻai?

Hoʻohana ʻana i nā Surfactant i loko o nā Fertilizers

Ka pale ʻana i ka caking fertilizer: Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana fertilizer, hoʻonui i nā pae fertilization, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike kaiapuni, ua kau ke kaiāulu i nā koi kiʻekiʻe i nā kaʻina hana fertilizer a me ka hana huahana. ʻO ka noi osurfactantshiki ke hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka fertilizer. Ua lōʻihi ka paʻakikī o ka caking no ka ʻoihana mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, urea, a me nā mea hoʻohuihui. No ka pale ʻana i ka caking, ma waho aʻe o nā kaʻina kaʻina i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā surfactant i nā mea kanu.

Makemake ʻo Urea i ka keke i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, e hoʻopilikia nui i kāna kūʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻohana. Loaʻa kēia ʻano ma muli o ka recrystallization ma ka ʻili o nā granules urea. ʻO ka wai i loko o nā granule e neʻe i ka ʻili (a i ʻole e komo i ka haʻahaʻa o ka lewa), e hana ana i kahi papa wai lahilahi. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka mahana, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia makū, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hāʻina saturated ma luna o ka ʻili a alakaʻi i ka caking.

Ma Kina, loaʻa mua nā mea kanu nitrogen i ʻekolu mau ʻano: ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, a me amide nitrogen. ʻO ka mea hoʻomomona Nitro kahi mea hoʻohuihui kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ka ammonium a me ka nitrogen nitrate. ʻAʻole like me ka urea, hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka nitrate nitrogen i loko o ka mea kanu nitro e nā mea kanu me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke lua, e hopena i ka hana kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono nā mea kanu Nitro no nā mea kanu kālā e like me ka paka, ke kulina, nā melons, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā kumulāʻau hua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka urea ma nā ʻāina alkaline a me nā wahi karst. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, ʻo ka nitro compound fertilizers ka nui o ka ammonium nitrate, ʻo ia ka hygroscopic kiʻekiʻe a ke hoʻololi nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke aniani me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana, ua maʻalahi lākou i ka caking.

Hoʻohana i nā Surfactants i ka Hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lepo i hoʻohaumia

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana e like me ka petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, a me nā plastics, nā mea haumia hydrophobic organic (eg, petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides) a me nā iona metala kaumaha e komo i ka lepo ma o nā kahe, nā leaks, nā hoʻokuʻu ʻoihana, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōpala. Hoʻopili maʻalahi nā mea haumia hydrophobic me nā mea organik lepo, e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou bioavailability a keʻakeʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepo.

ʻO nā surfactants, ʻo ia nā molekole amphiphilic, hōʻike i ka pilina ikaika no nā aila, hydrocarbons aromatic, a me nā mea ola halogenated, e hana maikaʻi ai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lepo.

Hoʻohana i nā Surfactants i ka mālama wai mahiʻai

ʻO ka maloʻo kahi pilikia honua, me nā poho o ka hua ma muli o ka maloʻo e like me nā poho hui mai nā pōʻino meteorological ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka evaporation e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā surfactant i nā ʻōnaehana e koi ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka makū (e laʻa, ka wai mahiʻai, nā ʻili o nā mea kanu), hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni monomolecular insoluble ma ka ʻili. Noho kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kahi ākea liʻiliʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka wahi evaporative kūpono a mālama i ka wai.

Ke kāpī ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā mea kanu, hana nā surfactant i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho: ko lākou hydrophobic (e kū ana i ka mea kanu) e pale a paʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko, aʻo kā lākou hydrophilic hopena (e kū ana i ka lewa) e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka condensation o ka lewa. ʻO ka hopena i hui pū ʻia e pale i ka nalowale o ka wai, hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka maloʻo, a hoʻonui i nā hua.

Ka hopena

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, loaʻa i nā surfactants nā noi ākea i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai hou. Ke puka mai nei nā ʻenehana mahiʻai hou a kū mai nā pilikia haumia hou, e ulu ka noi no ka noiʻi surfactant holomua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma ka hana ʻana i nā surfactants kiʻekiʻe i kūpono i kēia kahua hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai ma Kina.