He aha ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā surfactants i nā pesticides?

I nā noi pesticide, he mea kākaʻikahi ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana o ka mea hana. Hoʻopili ka hapa nui o nā ʻano hana i ka hui ʻana i nā pesticides me nā adjuvants a me nā solvents e hoʻonui i ka pono a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai. ʻO nā Surfactants nā adjuvants koʻikoʻi e hoʻonui i ka hana pesticide me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā lilo, ʻo ia hoʻi ma o ka emulsification, foaming/defoaming, dispersion, a me nā hopena wetting. Ua palapala maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou hoʻohana ākea ʻana i nā ʻano hana pesticide. 

Hoʻomaikaʻi nā Surfactants i ka haunaele interfacial ma waena o nā ʻāpana i loko o nā emulsions, e hana ana i ka ʻokoʻam a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu paʻa. ʻO kā lākou ʻano amphiphilic—e hoʻohui ana i nā hui hydrophilic a me lipophilic—e hiki ai ke adsorption ma nā pilina aila-wai. Hoʻemi kēia i ka haunaele interfacial a hoʻemi i ka ikehu e pono ai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka emulsion, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ke kūpaʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā mea hana pesticide i loko o ka wai ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana micro-scale e hāʻawi i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili pololei nā emulsifiers i ke kūpaʻa o nā emulsions pesticide, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ko lākou pono.

ʻOkoʻa ke kūpaʻa me ka nui o ka kulu:

● Nā ʻāpana <0.05 μm: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, kūpaʻa loa.

● Nā ʻāpana 0.05–1 μm: Hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻia, paʻa iki.

● Nā ʻāpana 1–10 μm: Ka waiho ʻana hapa a i ʻole ka ua i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.

● Nā ʻāpana >10 μm: ʻIke ʻia ke kau ʻana, paʻa ʻole loa.

I ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano pesticide, ke pani ʻia nei nā organophosphates ʻawahia loa e nā koho ʻē aʻe palekana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻawahia. ʻO nā hui heterocyclic—e like me pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazole, thiazole, a me nā triazole derivatives—loaʻa pinepine ma ke ʻano he mau mea paʻa me ka haʻahaʻa o ka solubility i nā solvents maʻamau. Pono kēia i nā emulsifiers hou, kiʻekiʻe ka pono, haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia no kā lākou hoʻokumu ʻana.

ʻO Kina, kahi alakaʻi honua i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i 2.083 miliona tone o ka hana pesticides pae loea i ka makahiki 2018. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni ua hoʻoulu i ke koi no nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ua kaulana ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides eco-friendly, hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā surfactants kiʻekiʻe, ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻenehana pesticides hoʻomau.