He aha nā hoʻohana o nā surfactants i ka ʻoihana oilfield?

Wahi a ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kemika o ke kahua aila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā surfactants no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahua aila ma ka noi ʻana i nā surfactants ʻeli, nā surfactants hana, nā surfactants hoʻōla aila i hoʻonui ʻia, nā surfactants hōʻiliʻili/lawe aila a me ke kinoea, a me nā surfactants mālama wai.

 

Nā Surfactants ʻeli,

 

Ma waena o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila, ʻo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻeli (me nā mea hoʻohui wai wili a me nā mea hoʻohui sima) ka mea e hoʻohana nui ai—ma kahi o 60% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hana, ʻoi aku ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, e hana ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka huina. He mea nui kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i nā noi mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila.

Ma Kina, ke kālele nei ka noiʻi ma nā wahi nui ʻelua: ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka kuʻuna a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polymers synthetic hou (me nā monomers). Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka kūikawā o ka noiʻi hoʻohui wai wili, e hoʻoikaika ana i nā polymers synthetic i loaʻa ka hui sulfonic acid ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā huahana like ʻole - he ʻano e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana. Ua hana ʻia nā holomua i nā mea hoʻemi viscosity, nā mea hoʻomalu pohō wai, a me nā lubricants. ʻIke ʻia, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā surfactants waiʻona polymeric me nā hopena kiko ao ma nā kahua ʻaila kūloko, e hana ana i kahi moʻo o nā ʻōnaehana wai wili waiʻona polymeric. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike nā wai wili methyl glucoside a me glycerin i nā hopena noi kahua hoʻohiki, e hoʻokele hou ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā surfactants wili. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hoʻohui wai wili o Kina e pili ana i 18 mau māhele me nā ʻano like ʻole he tausani, me ka hoʻohana makahiki kokoke i 300,000 tons.

 

Nā Surfactants Hana,

 

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā surfactants ʻeli ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka nui o nā surfactants hana, ʻoiai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka acidizing a me ka fracturing. I ka fracturing surfactants, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hana gelling e kālele nui ana i nā gums mea kanu kūlohelohe i hoʻololi ʻia a me ka cellulose, me nā polymers synthetic e like me polyacrylamide. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lohi ka holomua honua i nā surfactants wai acidizing, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka manaʻo R&D inā mea pale i ka palahono ka acidizing. Hoʻomohala pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻopaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole ke kāwili ʻana i nā mea maka e kū nei, me kahi pahuhopu maʻamau o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka ʻawaʻawa ʻole a me ka solubility aila/wai a i ʻole ka dispersibility wai. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka amine, quaternary ammonium, a me ka alkyne alcohol i hui pū ʻia he nui, ʻoiai ua emi nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka aldehyde ma muli o nā hopohopo toxicity. ʻO nā mea hou ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā complexes dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid me nā amines kaumaha haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), a me nā emulsifiers acid-in-oil. Ma Kina, ua lohi ka noiʻi ʻana i nā surfactants no ka fracturing a me nā wai acidizing, me ka holomua palena ma mua o nā mea hoʻopaʻa corrosion. Ma waena o nā huahana i loaʻa, ʻo nā hui amine-based (primary, secondary, tertiary, a i ʻole quaternary amides a me kā lākou hui ʻana) ka mea nui, ukali ʻia e nā imidazoline derivatives ma ke ʻano he papa nui o nā mea hoʻopaʻa corrosion organic.

 

Nā Surfactants Hōʻiliʻili/Halihali ʻAila a me ke Kinoea,

 

Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā surfactants no ka hōʻiliʻili/kaʻahele ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma Kina i nā makahiki 1960. I kēia lā, aia he 14 mau māhele me nā haneli o nā huahana. ʻO nā mea hoʻohemo ʻaila maka ka mea i hoʻopau nui ʻia, me ka noi makahiki ma kahi o 20,000 tons. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i nā demulsifiers i hana kūikawā ʻia no nā kahua ʻaila like ʻole, a he nui o ia mau mea e kū nei i nā kūlana honua o nā makahiki 1990. Eia nō naʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiko ninini, nā mea hoʻomaikaʻi kahe, nā mea hoʻemi viscosity, a me nā mea wehe/kāohi wax, ʻo ka hapa nui he mau huahana i hui pū ʻia. ʻO nā koi like ʻole o nā waiwai ʻaila maka like ʻole no kēia mau surfactants e hōʻike ana i nā pilikia a me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻomohala huahana hou.

 

Nā Surfactants Hoʻōla Wai ʻAila,

 

He ʻano koʻikoʻi nā kemika mālama wai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua aila, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o 60,000 tons—ma kahi o 40% o ia mau mea he surfactants. ʻOiai ke koi nui ʻia, ʻaʻole lawa ka noiʻi ʻana i nā surfactants mālama wai ma Kina, a ʻaʻole i piha ka laulā huahana. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana mai ka mālama wai ʻoihana, akā ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka wai o ka kahua aila, ʻaʻole pinepine ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia. Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka flocculant ka wahi hana nui loa i ka noiʻi surfactant mālama wai, e hua mai ana i nā huahana he nui, ʻoiai he kakaikahi i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino o ka kahua aila.