E like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kemika ʻaila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā surfactants no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻaila ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā surfactants wili, nā surfactants hana, nā surfactants hoʻihoʻi ʻaila i hoʻonui ʻia, ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea hōʻiliʻili / lawe ʻana, a me nā surfactant mālama wai.
ʻO nā Surfactants wiliʻ
Ma waena o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila, ʻo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wili (me nā mea hoʻohui wai wili a me nā mea hoʻohui cementing) no ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana—ma kahi o 60% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka surfactant kahua ʻaila. ʻO nā surfactants hana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ʻo ia ka hapakolu o ka huina. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua i nā noi surfactant oilfield.
Ma Kina, ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi i ʻelua mau wahi nui: e hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka kahiko a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polymers synthetic hou (me nā monomers). Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka loea o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka wai hoʻohui wai, me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā polymers synthetic i loko o ka pūʻulu sulfonic acid ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā huahana like ʻole-he ʻano e hoʻohālikelike i nā hanana e hiki mai ana. Ua hana ʻia nā haʻihaʻi i nā mea hoʻemi viscosity, nā mea hoʻokele wai hoʻohemo, a me nā lubricants. ʻO ka mea nui, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā surfactants waiʻona polymeric me nā hopena kapuaʻi ma waena o nā kahua ʻaila home, e hana ana i nā ʻōnaehana wai wai wai wai wai polymeric. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ka methyl glucoside a me ka glycerin-based drilling fluids i ka hoʻohiki ʻana i nā hopena noi kahua, e hoʻoikaika hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā surfactants drilling. I kēia manawa, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻohui wai hoʻoheheʻe Kina i 18 mau ʻano me ka ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi kaukani ʻano ʻano, me ka hoʻohana makahiki kokoke i 300,000 tons.
Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i hana ʻiaʻ
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā surfactants wili, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā surfactant hana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka acidizing a me ka haʻihaʻi. I nā surfactants haʻihaʻi, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā mea hana gelling e kālele nui ʻia i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe i hoʻololi ʻia a me ka cellulose, me nā polymers synthetic e like me polyacrylamide. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lohi ka holomua o ka honua i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai surfactants, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka manaʻo R&Dnā mea hoʻopaneʻe ʻinono ka acidizing. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea paʻa ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole ka hui ʻana i nā mea maka i loaʻa, me ka pahuhopu maʻamau o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka ʻawaʻawa a me ka ʻaila / wai a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu wai. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaneʻe i hoʻohuihui ʻia i ka amine, quaternary ammonium, a me ka alkyne alcohol i hui pū ʻia, ʻoiai ua hōʻole ʻia nā mea hoʻopaneʻe aldehyde ma muli o nā pilikia ʻona. ʻO nā mea hou ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes me nā amine haʻahaʻa-molecular-weight (e laʻa, ethylamine, propylamine, C8-18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), a me nā emulsifiers acid-in-oil. Ma Kina, ua lohi ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā surfactants no ka haʻihaʻi ʻana a me ka wai acidizing, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka holomua ma mua o ka corrosion inhibitors. Ma waena o nā huahana i loaʻa, nā pūhui kumu amine (primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amides a me kā lākou hui ʻana) e noho aliʻi ana, a ukali ʻia e nā imidazoline derivatives ma ke ʻano he papa nui o nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion organik.
ʻO ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea hōʻiliʻili / lawe ʻana i nā Surfactantʻ
Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā surfactants no ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻaila ma Kina i nā makahiki 1960. I kēia lā, aia he 14 mau ʻāpana me nā haneli o nā huahana. ʻO ka ʻaila demulsifiers ka mea i hoʻopau ʻia, me ka koi makahiki ma kahi o 20,000 tons. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i nā demulsifiers i hoʻohālikelike ʻia no nā ʻaila ʻaila like ʻole, ka nui o ia mau mea i kū i nā kūlana honua 1990s. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiko, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kahe, nā mea hoʻemi viscosity, a me nā mea hoʻoneʻe wax / pale ʻana i kaupalena ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā huahana i hui ʻia. ʻO nā koi ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano ʻaila ʻaila ʻokoʻa no kēia mau surfactants ke kau nei i nā pilikia a me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻomohala huahana hou.
ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻaila ʻailaʻ
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻaila, me ka hoʻohana makahiki ma mua o 60,000 tons—ma kahi o 40% o ia mau mea he surfactants. ʻOiai ʻo ka noi nui, ʻaʻole lawa ka noiʻi ʻana i nā surfactant mālama wai ma Kina, a ʻaʻole i piha ka laulā huahana. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana mai ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana, akā ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka wai ʻaila, ʻilihune pinepine ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia. Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka flocculant development ka wahi ikaika loa i ka noiʻi surfactant mālama wai, e hāʻawi ana i nā huahana he nui, ʻoiai he kakaikahi wale nō i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻaila.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-20-2025