ʻO ke kumu o ke ʻano o nā demulsifiers aila maka e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo hoʻoili-pae-hoʻohuli-hoʻololi. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi demulsifier, hana ʻia kahi hoʻololi pae: nā surfactants i hiki ke hana i kahi ʻano emulsion e kūʻē i ka mea i hana ʻia e ka emulsifier (i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā demulsifiers hoʻohuli-pae). Hoʻopili kēlā mau demulsifiers me nā emulsifiers hydrophobic e hana i nā paʻakikī, a laila e hoʻopau ana i ka emulsifier o kona hiki ke emulsifying.
ʻO kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka haki ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni interfacial i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kuʻi ʻana. Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana, loaʻa i ka demulsifier ka manawa kūpono e kuʻi ai me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni interfacial o ka emulsion, e hoʻopili ana ma luna o ia mea a i ʻole e hoʻoneʻe ana a hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana o nā mea hana ma luna, a pēlā e haki ai ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hoʻemi nui kēia i ke kūpaʻa, e hoʻoulu ai i ka flocculation a me ka coalescence e alakaʻi ai i ka demulsification.
Hoʻomaka pinepine nā emulsions aila maka i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana petroleum. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā aila maka mua o ka honua i loko o kahi mokuʻāina emulsified. Aia kahi emulsion i ʻelua mau wai immiscible, hoʻokahi o ia mau mea i hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia—nā kulu wai ma kahi o 1 μm ke anawaena—i loko o kekahi.
ʻO kekahi o kēia mau wai he wai maʻamau, ʻo kekahi he ʻaila. Hiki ke hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻaila i loko o ka wai a lilo ka emulsion i ʻano ʻaila-i-ka-wai (O/W), kahi ʻo ka wai ka pae hoʻomau a ʻo ka ʻaila ka pae hoʻopuehu. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā hana ka ʻaila i ka pae hoʻomau a hoʻoinu i ka pae hoʻopuehu, ʻo ka emulsion he ʻano wai-i-ka-ʻaila (W/O)—ʻo ka hapa nui o nā emulsions ʻaila maka no kēia māhele hope.
Hoʻowalewale nā molekala wai kekahi i kekahi, e like me nā molekala aila; akā ma waena o kēlā me kēia molekala wai a me ka aila aia kahi mana hoʻokuʻu e hana ana ma ko lākou interface. Hoʻemi ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ka ʻāpana interfacial, no laila ke ʻano o nā kulu i loko o kahi emulsion W/O i ka sphericity. Eia kekahi, makemake nā kulu pākahi i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, nona ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa he liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka huina o nā wahi kulu kaʻawale. No laila, he paʻa ʻole ka emulsion o ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka aila maʻemaʻe: ke neʻe nei ka pae i hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka coalescence, e hana ana i ʻelua mau papa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūʻē ʻia ka interfacial repulsion—no ka laʻana, ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kemika kūikawā ma ka interface, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka ʻili. Ma ke ʻano ʻenehana, hoʻohana nā noi he nui i kēia hopena ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā emulsifiers kaulana e hana i nā emulsions paʻa. Pono kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻopaʻa ana i kahi emulsion ma kēia ʻano i kahi ʻano kemika e hiki ai ke launa pū me nā molekala wai a me ka aila—ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e loaʻa kahi hui hydrophilic a me kahi hui hydrophobic.
ʻO nā emulsions aila maka ke kūpaʻa i nā mea kūlohelohe i loko o ka aila, e lawe pinepine ana i nā hui polar e like me nā hui carboxyl a i ʻole phenolic. Hiki ke ola kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he mau hopena a i ʻole nā hui colloidal, e hoʻopuka ana i ka mana kūikawā i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai i nā interfaces. I kēlā mau hihia, hoʻopuehu ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana i ka pae aila a hōʻiliʻili ma ka interface aila-wai, e kūlike ana me kā lākou mau hui polar i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka wai. No laila, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa interfacial paʻa kino, e like me kahi ʻūpā paʻa e like me kahi papa particulate a i ʻole ka paraffin crystal lattice. I ka maka ʻōlohelohe, hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he uhi e hoʻopuni ana i ka papa interface. Ho'ākāka kēia ʻano hana i ka ʻelemakule o nā emulsions aila maka a me ka paʻakikī o ka uhaki ʻana iā lākou.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kālele nui ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hana demulsification emulsion ʻaila maka i ka noiʻi maikaʻi ʻana o nā kaʻina hana coalescence droplet a me ka hopena o nā demulsifiers ma nā waiwai rheological interfacial. Akā no ka mea he paʻakikī loa ka hana o nā demulsifiers ma nā emulsions, a ʻoiai nā haʻawina nui ma kēia kahua, ʻaʻohe manaʻo hoʻokahi o ka ʻano hana demulsification i puka mai.
Ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa kekahi mau ʻano hana:
③ ʻAno hoʻoheheʻe - Hiki i kahi mole hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau mole o ka demulsifier ke hana i nā micelles; hoʻoheheʻe kēia mau wili macromolecular a i ʻole micelles i nā mole emulsifier, e hoʻoulu ana i ka haki ʻana o ka ʻaila maka i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
④ ʻAno hana pelupelu– Hōʻike nā nānā ʻana o ka microscopic he mau pūpū wai pālua a he nui paha nā emulsions W/O, me nā pūpū aila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o lākou. Ma lalo o nā hopena i hui pū ʻia o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me ka hana demulsifier, ua pili pū nā papa o loko o nā kulu, e alakaʻi ana i ka hui ʻana o nā kulu a me ka demulsification.
Eia kekahi, hōʻike ka noiʻi kūloko e pili ana i nā ʻano hana demulsification no nā ʻōnaehana ʻaila maka i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo O/W e pono i kahi demulsifier kūpono ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana penei: hana ʻili ikaika; hana pulu maikaʻi; mana flocculating lawa; a me ka hiki ke hoʻohui maikaʻi.
He nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā demulsifiers; ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻano surfactant, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano cationic, anionic, nonionic, a me zwitterionic.
Nā mea hoʻohemo anionic: carboxylates, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid sulfate esters, etc.—ʻo nā hemahema e komo pū ana me ka dosage kiʻekiʻe, ka pono maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka maʻalahi i ka hana emi ʻana i ke alo o nā electrolytes.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohemo cationic: ʻo ka hapa nui he mau paʻakai ammonium quaternary—kūpono no nā aila māmā akā ʻaʻole kūpono no nā aila kaumaha a ʻelemakule paha.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohemo ʻole i ka nonionic: nā copolymers poloka i hoʻomaka ʻia e nā amines; nā copolymers poloka i hoʻomaka ʻia e nā ʻalcohols; nā copolymers poloka resin alkylphenol-formaldehyde; nā copolymers poloka resin phenol-amine-formaldehyde; nā demulsifiers i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicone; nā demulsifiers kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe loa; nā polyphosphates; nā copolymers poloka i hoʻololi ʻia; a me nā demulsifiers zwitterionic i hōʻike ʻia e nā demulsifiers ʻaila maka i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka imidazoline.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-04-2025