He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i nā surfactant polymer

1. Nā Manaʻo Kumu o nā Polymer Surfactants

ʻO ka polymer surfactants e pili ana i nā mea me ka paona molekala e piʻi ana i kahi pae (maʻamau mai ka 103 a hiki i ka 106) a loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau mea hoʻoikaika kino. Ma ke ʻano, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i loko o nā copolymers block, copolymers graft, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ke ʻano ionic, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā surfactant polymer i ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, a me nonionic. Wahi a ko lākou kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he surfactants polymer kūlohelohe, nā surfactant polymer kūlohelohe i hoʻololi ʻia, a me nā surfactant polymer synthetic.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā surfactants haʻahaʻa-molecular-weight, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā surfactants polymer:

(1) He ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o lākou e hōʻemi i ka ʻili o ka ʻili a me ka naʻau waena, a ʻo ka hapa nui ʻaʻole i hana i nā micelles;

(2) Loaʻa iā lākou kahi paona molekala kiʻekiʻe, e hopena i ka mana komo nāwaliwali;

(3) Hōʻike lākou i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka huʻa ʻana, akā paʻa nā ʻōhū a lākou i hana ai;

(4) Hōʻike lākou i ka mana emulsifying maikaʻi loa;

(5) Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai hoʻopuehu maikaʻi a hui pū;

(6) ʻO ka hapa nui o nā surfactants polymer he haʻahaʻa ʻona.

2. Nā Pono Hana o nā Polymer Surfactants

· Ka ʻili o ka ʻili

Ma muli o ke ʻano orientational o nā ʻāpana hydrophilic a me ka hydrophobic o nā surfactants polymer ma nā ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilina, loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻili a me ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia hiki i nā surfactants haʻahaʻa-molecular-weight.

ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o nā surfactants polymer e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma mua o ko nā surfactants haʻahaʻa-molekala-kaumaha, a ke emi loa nei kā lākou hana ʻili i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala.

· Emulsification a me ka hoʻopuehu

ʻOiai ko lākou kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka nui o nā surfactant polymer ke hana i nā micelles i loko o ka māhele i hoʻopuehu ʻia a hōʻike i kahi ʻano micelle koʻikoʻi (CMC), a laila e hoʻokō ai i nā hana emulsifying. ʻO kā lākou hana amphiphilic e hiki ai i kahi ʻāpana o ka mole ke hoʻopili ma luna o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka manawa mau (ka dispersion medium). Inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kaumaha o ka molekala o ka polymer, e hōʻike ana ia i nā hopena steric hindrance, e hana ana i nā pale ma luna o nā ʻili o nā kulu monomer a i ʻole nā ​​​​particle polymer e pale i ko lākou hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a me ka coalescence.

· Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana

Ke loaʻa nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe o nā surfactants polymer, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana he nui, e hana i nā alahaka ma waena o lākou a me ka hana ʻana i nā flocs, a pēlā e hana ai e like me nā flocculants.

· Nā hana ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka nui o nā polymer surfactants ʻaʻole lākou e hana i ka huʻa ikaika, akāKāohi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ikaika a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka pua. Ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe a paʻa.

· Hoʻonā Hana

ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polimer i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koho: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polimer he poloka amphiphilic a i ʻole nā ​​copolymers kāpili. I loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koho, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hana hoʻonā ma mua o nā molekole liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​homopolymers. ʻO nā mea e like me ka molecular structure, ka lōʻihi o nā māhele amphiphilic, haku mele, a me nā waiwai solvent e hoʻoikaika nui i kā lākou morphology solution. E like me nā surfactants haʻahaʻa-molecular-weight, hoʻemi nā polymers amphiphilic i ka haʻalulu o ka ʻili ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pūʻulu hydrophobic ma ka ʻili i ka manawa like e hana ana i nā micelles i loko o ka hopena.