1. Nā Manaʻo Kumu o nā Polymer Surfactants
ʻO nā surfactants polymer e pili ana i nā mea me ke kaumaha molekala e hiki ana i kahi pae (maʻamau mai 103 a 106) a loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau waiwai hana-ʻili. Ma ke ʻano kūkulu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā copolymers poloka, nā copolymers graft, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ke ʻano ionic, ua māhele ʻia nā surfactants polymer i ʻehā mau māhele nui: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, a me nonionic. Wahi a ko lākou kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā surfactants polymer kūlohelohe, nā surfactants polymer kūlohelohe i hoʻololi ʻia, a me nā surfactants polymer synthetic.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā surfactants kaumaha-molekala haʻahaʻa, ʻo nā ʻano nui o nā surfactants polymer:
(1) He nāwaliwali ko lākou hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻili a me ka hoʻoluhi interfacial, a ʻo ka hapa nui ʻaʻole e hana i nā micelles;
(2) Loaʻa iā lākou ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe aʻe, e hopena ana i ka mana komo nāwaliwali;
(3) Hōʻike lākou i ka hiki ke hoʻohua maikaʻi ʻole, akā ʻo nā pehu a lākou e hana ai he paʻa loa ia;
(4) Hōʻike lākou i ka mana emulsifying maikaʻi loa;
(5) Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai hoʻopuehu a me nā waiwai paʻa maikaʻi loa;
(6) ʻO ka hapa nui o nā surfactants polymer he haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia.
2. Nā Waiwai Hana o nā Polymer Surfactants
·ʻO ke kaumaha o ka ʻili
Ma muli o ke ʻano kuhikuhi o nā ʻāpana hydrophilic a me hydrophobic o nā surfactants polymer ma nā ʻili a i ʻole nā interfaces, loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻemi i ka ʻili a me ka interfacial tension, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia hiki ma mua o nā surfactants kaumaha haʻahaʻa-molecular.
ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hiki o nā surfactants polymer ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻili ma mua o nā surfactants kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa, a emi koke kā lākou hana ʻili i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala.
· Emulsification a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana
ʻOiai ko lākou kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā surfactants polymer he nui ke hana i nā micelles i loko o ka pae hoʻopuehu a hōʻike i kahi ʻano micelle koʻikoʻi (CMC), no laila e hoʻokō ana i nā hana emulsifying. ʻO kā lākou ʻano amphiphilic e ʻae i kekahi ʻāpana o ka mole e adsorb ma luna o nā ʻili ʻāpana ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka pae hoʻomau (ka medium dispersion). Ke ʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ke kaumaha molekala o ka polymer, hōʻike ia i nā hopena steric hindrance, e hana ana i nā pale ma luna o nā ʻili o nā kulu monomer a i ʻole nā ʻāpana polymer e pale aku i ko lākou hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a me ka coalescence.
· Hoʻopili ʻana
Ke loaʻa i nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe loa nā surfactants polymer, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili ma luna o nā ʻāpana he nui, e hana ana i nā alahaka ma waena o lākou a hana i nā flocs, a pēlā e hana ai ma ke ʻano he flocculants.
·Nā Hana ʻē aʻe
ʻAʻole hana ka nui o nā surfactants polymer i ka huʻa ikaika, akā hana lākoukāohi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa huʻa maikaʻi loa. Ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā waiwai hoʻopili maikaʻi loa.
·ʻAno Hoʻonā
ʻO ke ʻano o nā surfactants polymer i nā solvents koho: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā surfactants polymer he amphiphilic block a i ʻole graft copolymers. I nā solvents koho, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou ʻano hoʻonā ma mua o nā mole liʻiliʻi a i ʻole homopolymers. ʻO nā mea e like me ke ʻano molekala, ka lakio lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana amphiphilic, ka haku mele ʻana, a me nā waiwai solvent e hoʻopilikia nui i kā lākou morphology solution. E like me nā surfactants kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa, hoʻemi nā polymers amphiphilic i ka ʻili ma o ka adsorbing hydrophobic groups ma ka ʻili aʻo ka manawa like e hana ana i nā micelles i loko o ka hopena.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-10-2025