Lubkev ntxuav ntawm cov surfactants yog ib qho khoom tseem ceeb uas muab cov surfactants rau lawv cov kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws. Nws koom nrog hauv lub neej txhua hnub ntawm ntau txhiab tsev neeg. Ntxiv mus, nws tau siv ntau dua hauv ntau yam lag luam thiab txhua yam kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm surfactants
Cov fibers, plastics, thiab lwm yam khoom feem ntau tsim hluav taws xob static vim muaj kev sib txhuam, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lawv cov khoom. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov ntaub fiber nqa hluav taws xob static, lawv feem ntau muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li "tuav rau lub cev" lossis "kev nplaum static", nrog rau kev yooj yim nqus cov hmoov av lossis qias neeg. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob static rau cov khoom yas yog qhov loj dua. Tsis yog cov khoom yooj yim nyiam cov hmoov av, cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov pob tshab, qhov huv ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov tsos, tab sis lawv kuj txo qhov siv tau thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.
Yuav kom tshem tawm qhov teeb meem hluav taws xob zoo li qub no, feem ntau siv cov tshuaj surfactant antistatic tam sim no. Cov surfactants no hu uativ thaiv hluav taws xob cov neeg sawv cev.
- Cov xwm txheej electrostatic thiab lawv ua rau
Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv txog kev txiav txim ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob fiber, cov fibers nrog amide bonds xws li wool, nylon, thiab cov wool dag feem ntau muaj tus nqi zoo.
Cov xwm txheej them hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom, los ntawm qhov zoo mus rau qhov tsis zoo, yog raws li nram no: (+) Polyurethane - Plaub Hau - Nylon - Wool - Silk - Viscose Fiber - Paj Rwb - Roj Hmab - Acetate Fiber - Vinylon - Polypropylene - Polyester - Polyacrylonitrile - Polyvinyl Chloride - Vinyl Chloride - Acrylonitrile Copolymer - Polyethylene - Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). Txawm hais tias qhov ua rau muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, feem ntau ntseeg tias thaum ntau hom khoom sib txhuam rau ib leeg, cov nqi txav mus los raug tsim ntawm cov khoom sib txhuam, yog li tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Hom nqi uas ib yam khoom nqa tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tau lossis poob ntawm cov electrons. Yog tias ib yam khoom poob cov electrons, nws yuav raug them zoo; yog tias nws tau txais cov electrons, nws yuav raug them tsis zoo.
- Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub:
Txoj Kev Siv Lub Cev: Vim tias qhov loj ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, cov txheej txheem siv lub cev xws li kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, thiab kev tso tawm corona tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.
Txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg saum npoo avNtawd yog, siv cov surfactants, tseem hu ua antistatic agents, los ua kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov fibers thiab cov khoom yas lossis sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov yas kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm hluav taws xob static.
2.I. Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau cov fibers
Cov xwm txheej uas cov neeg sawv cev antistatic yuav tsum ua tau raws li:
(1) Tsis txhob hloov qhov kev xav ntawm tes ntawm cov fiber;
(2) Cov nyhuv antistatic zoo, me me, thiab tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov kub qis;
(3) Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov fibers resin;
(4) Kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov khoom ntxiv;
(5) Tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ua npuas dej thiab tsis muaj dej stains;
(6) Tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas tsuaj;
(7) Muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov ruaj khov zoo.
2.2. Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob
Cov hom tshuaj antistatic tseem ceeb uas siv rau cov fibers yog cationic thiab amphoteric ionic surfactants.
2.3. Txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob
Lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov surfactants siv rau cov fiber antistatic feem ntau pom tseeb hauv ob qho: tiv thaiv kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub thaum cov ntaub fiber raug txhuam thiab qhov ploj ntawm cov nqi nto. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv ntawm surfactants; thaum qhov ploj ntawm cov nqi nto muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov ntau ntawm adsorption thiab hygroscopicity ntawm surfactants ntawm cov ntaub fiber.
Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants tuaj yeem yooj yim adsorb rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fibers uas raug them tsis zoo los ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nqi zoo.
①Nws tuaj yeem neutralize qhov them ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber;
②Vim tias cov cationic surfactants nqus tau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber nrog cov quaternary ammonium ions uas muaj cov nqi zoo, thiab cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon tig mus rau sab nraud, tsim cov zaj duab xis adsorption uas muaj cov saw hydrocarbon ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber. Cov zaj duab xis adsorption no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm lub zog uas tsim los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber thaum lub sijhawm sib txhuam, yog li ua rau qhov xwm txheej hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog.
Rau cov fibers hluavtaws uas muaj polarity qis thiab hydrophobicity muaj zog, cationic surfactants adsorb rau ntawm qhov chaw fiber los ntawm van der Waals rog nrog lawv cov hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, thaum cov polar quaternary ammonium pawg ntsej muag sab nraud, npog qhov chaw fiber nrog hydrophilic polar pawg. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog ua rau kom muaj conductivity ntawm qhov chaw fiber tab sis kuj ua rau nws cov av noo ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tshem tawm ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub los ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv zoo li qub.
Qhov nqus ntawm dioctadecyl ammonium chloride rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fibers ntuj yog siab dua li ntawm cov fibers hluavtaws. Qhov no qhia tau tias nws muaj cov nyhuv antistatic zoo dua rau cov fibers ntuj.
Ib yam li cov cationic surfactants, amphoteric ionic surfactants nqa cov nqi zoo thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fibers uas muaj nqi tsis zoo los tshem tawm cov nqi zoo li qub. Lawv cov pab pawg hydrophobic kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev txo qhov sib txhuam. Ntxiv mus, piv nrog cov cationic surfactants, lawv muaj ib pab pawg anionic ntxiv hauv lawv cov qauv molecular, yog li lawv tuaj yeem ua kom cov av noo thiab cov nqi ploj mus zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, amphoteric ionic surfactants yog cov neeg sawv cev antistatic nrog kev ua tau zoo, tab sis lawv tus nqi siab heev.
Cov tshuaj surfactants anionic thiab non-ionic muaj cov teebmeem antistatic tsis zoo vim lawv cov adsorption tsawg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber. Cov tshuaj surfactants non-ionic adsorption ntau dua li cov anionic vim tias nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov them ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber, tab sis lawv cov teebmeem rau kev yaj tsis zoo, yog li lawv lub peev xwm antistatic phem dua li cov cationic thiab amphoteric ionic surfactants.
- Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau cov yas
Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm cov surfactants ua cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau cov yas: Cov surfactants nqus tau rau ntawm qhov chaw yas los ntawm van der Waals lub zog nrog lawv cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon, thaum lawv cov pab pawg polar nthuav dav mus rau sab nraud, tsim cov zaj duab xis adsorption ntawm surfactants ntawm qhov chaw yas. Cov zaj duab xis no muab kev coj ua, tso cai rau cov nqi hluav taws xob kom dissipate zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, cov zaj duab xis adsorption kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw yas.
Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob yas raug faib ua pawg raws li hom surfactant rau hauv:
(1) Hom Anionic;
(2) Hom Cationic;
(3) Hom ionic Amphoteric;
(4) Hom tsis yog ionic.
Cov neeg sawv cev antistatic tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lawv txoj kev siv:
(1) Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas muaj txheej txheej;
(2) Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw ua ke.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-12-2026