Cov cuab yeej ntxuav ntawmcov tshuaj surfactantsyog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas muab cov surfactants rau lawv cov kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws. Nws koom nrog hauv lub neej txhua hnub ntawm ntau txhiab tsev neeg thiab tau siv ntau ntxiv hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej thiab ntau yam txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam.
Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kab mobntawm Surfactants
Cov fibers, plastics thiab lwm yam khoom feem ntau tsim hluav taws xob static vim muaj kev sib txhuam, uas ua rau lawv cov kev siv tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub fiber nrog cov nqi static feem ntau raug kev tsis zoo xws li lo rau lub cev, nplaum static, thiab nyiam nqus cov hmoov av thiab qias neeg. Cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm hluav taws xob static rau cov khoom yas yog qhov hnyav dua. Cov khoom yas uas muaj nqi static tsis yog tsuas yog yooj yim nqus cov hmoov av, uas ua rau puas tsuaj rau qhov pom tseeb, qhov huv ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov tsos ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj txo lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi.
Yuav kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem zoo li no, txoj kev siv surfactant antistatic tau siv dav dav tam sim no. Cov surfactants no hu ua cov neeg sawv cev antistatic.
Ntu 1 Cov Xwm Txheej Tsis Tu Ncua thiab Lawv Ua Rau
Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntawm cov fibers tau los ntawm cov neeg sim sib txawv, cov fibers uas muaj amide bonds xws li wool, nylon thiab cov plaub cuav feem ntau nqa cov nqi zoo. Cov xwm txheej hluav taws xob ntawm cov yas feem ntau tau qhia hauv Rooj 10-2. Cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub los ntawm qhov zoo mus rau qhov tsis zoo yog teev hauv qab no:
(+) Polyurethane–Cov plaub hau–Nylon–Cov plaub mos mos–Paj rwb–Cov fiber ntau viscose–Paj rwb–Roj hmab tawv–Cov roj cellulose acetate–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-).
Txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, tab sis muaj kev pom zoo tias hluav taws xob zoo li qub tshwm sim los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob uas txav tau ntawm cov khoom thaum ntau hom khoom sib txhuam rau ib leeg. Hom nqi hluav taws xob uas ib yam khoom nqa tau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tau lossis poob ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Ib yam khoom yuav muaj nqi hluav taws xob zoo thaum nws poob cov hluav taws xob thiab yuav muaj nqi hluav taws xob tsis zoo thaum nws tau txais cov hluav taws xob.
Tshooj 2 Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub:
(1) Cov txheej txheem lub cev. Vim tias qhov loj ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, cov txheej txheem lub cev xws li kev kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo thiab kev tso tawm corona tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.
(2) Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg saum npoo av, uas yog siv cov surfactants (tseem hu ua cov neeg sawv cev antistatic) los ua kev kho saum npoo av ntawm cov fiber thiab cov khoom yas lossis sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov yas kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm static.
1. Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob rau Cov Fibers
Cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum muaj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev antistatic:
(1) Tsis txhob hloov qhov kev xav ntawm tes ntawm cov fibers; (2) Kev ua haujlwm zoo antistatic nrog cov koob tshuaj tsawg thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov kub qis; (3) Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov fibers resin; (4) Kev sib raug zoo zoo nrog lwm cov koom haum pabcuam; (5) Tsis muaj foaming thiab tsis muaj dej stain tsim; (6) Tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis khaus rau daim tawv nqaij; (7) Tswj kev ruaj khov zoo.
Cov hom tshuaj antistatic
Cov tshuaj antistatic tseem ceeb uas siv rau cov fibers yog cationic thiab amphoteric surfactants.
Mechanism ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev antistatic
Lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov surfactants siv rau cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob fiber yog feem ntau pom hauv ob qho: tiv thaiv kev tsim hluav taws xob thaum cov ntaub fiber raug kev sib txhuam thiab pab txhawb kev tshem tawm ntawm cov nqi saum npoo. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib txhuam hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv ntawm surfactants, thaum kev tshem tawm ntawm cov nqi saum npoo yog cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm adsorption thiab hygroscopicity ntawm surfactants ntawm cov ntaub fiber.
Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants tuaj yeem yooj yim nqus mus rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber uas raug them tsis zoo los ntawm lawv cov nqi zoo.
①Lawv tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nqi ntawm cov fibers;
②Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants nqus tau rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber hauv qhov kev taw qhia uas cov quaternary ammonium ions uas muaj cov nqi zoo txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw fiber thiab cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon taw tes rau sab nraud, tsim cov zaj duab xis adsorption uas muaj cov saw hydrocarbon ntawm qhov chaw fiber. Cov zaj duab xis adsorption no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw fiber thaum lub sijhawm sib txhuam thiab ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog.
Rau cov fibers hluavtaws uas muaj polarity qis thiab hydrophobicity muaj zog, cationic surfactants adsorb ntawm cov fiber nto los ntawm van der Waals lub zog los ntawm lawv cov hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, thaum polar quaternary ammonium pawg ntsej muag sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw fiber yog them nrog hydrophilic polar pawg, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho qhov conductivity ntawm qhov chaw fiber tab sis kuj ua rau nws cov av noo ntawm qhov chaw, pab txhawb kev tshem tawm ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub los ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab xa cov teebmeem antistatic.
Lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ntawm cov nplaim ntuj fiber ntau dua li ntawm cov hluavtaws fiber, qhia tias nws ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua antistatic ntawm cov fiber ntuj.
Ib yam li cov cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants nqa cov nqi zoo thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber uas muaj nqi tsis zoo kom tsis txhob muaj cov nqi zoo li qub. Lawv cov pab pawg hydrophobic kuj txo qhov kev sib txhuam. Piv nrog cov cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants muaj ib pab pawg anionic ntxiv hauv lawv cov qauv molecular, uas ua rau muaj kev khaws cia dej noo zoo dua thiab kev tshem tawm cov nqi. Yog li ntawd, amphoteric surfactants yog cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv zoo li qub, txawm tias tus nqi siab dua.
Cov tshuaj surfactants anionic thiab nonionic qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo antistatic vim lawv lub peev xwm adsorption qis ntawm cov fiber ntau. Qhov adsorption ntawm nonionic surfactants tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov them ntawm cov fibers thiab siab dua li ntawm anionic surfactants, tab sis lawv muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau kev dissipation static. Yog li ntawd, lawv lub peev xwm antistatic qis dua li ntawm cationic thiab amphoteric surfactants.
2. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Cov Yas
Lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov surfactants siv los ua cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yas yog raws li nram no: surfactants nqus tau rau ntawm cov yas los ntawm lawv cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon los ntawm van der Waals lub zog, nrog rau cov pab pawg polar txuas ntxiv mus rau sab nraud. Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab adsorption ntawm surfactants tsim rau ntawm cov yas kom muab kev coj ua, tso cai rau cov nqi hluav taws xob kom dissipate tau zoo. Lub caij no, zaj duab xis adsorption kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov yas.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob yas los ntawm hom surfactant:
(1)Hom Anionic;
(2) Hom Cationic;
(3) Hom Amphoteric;
(4) Hom tsis yog ionic.
Cov neeg sawv cev antistatic tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg los ntawm txoj kev siv:
(1) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov txheej txheem saum npoo;
(2) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-10-2026