1. Cov tshuaj ntxuav
Muaj ntau hom surfactants. Raws li lawv cov zis tawm, lawv yog: anionic surfactants suav rau 56%, non-ionic surfactants suav rau 36%, amphoteric surfactants suav rau 5%, thiab cationic surfactants suav rau 3%.
2. Cov tshuaj surfactant uas tsis yog ionic
Cov hom surfactants uas tsis yog ionic tseem ceeb suav nrog alkylolamides (FFA), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), thiab alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE lossis OP). Cov surfactants uas tsis yog ionic muaj cov khoom zoo heev xws li solubilization, detergency, antistatic effects, low irritation, thiab calcium xab npum dispersion. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov pH dav dua piv rau cov ionic surfactants dav dav. Tsuas yog cov khoom detergency thiab foaming, lawv lwm yam kev ua tau zoo feem ntau zoo dua li cov anionic surfactants dav dav. Cov kev sim tau qhia tias kev ntxiv me ntsis ntawm cov surfactants uas tsis yog ionic rau cov ionic surfactants tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thaum piv rau cov kab ke nrog cov khoom xyaw nquag tib yam.
Alkylolamides yog ib hom tshuaj surfactant uas tsis yog ionic nrog kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, kev siv dav, thiab kev siv ntau zaus, feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj ntxuav kua. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm alkylolamides hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua yog "2: 1 amide" thiab "1.5: 1 amide", thiab "1: 1 amide" kuj siv tau. Peb qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb no qhia txog kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm kev yaj dej thiab cov khoom tuab. Feem ntau hais lus, "1.5: 1 amide" yog qhov nruab nrab dua thiab siv dav hauv cov kua ntxuav tais diav. Hauv qab qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, "1: 1 amide" yooj yim yaj tsuas yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov surfactants uas yaj dej. Alkylolamides yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau cov tshuaj ntxuav alkaline thiab kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav acidic tsis muaj zog. Alkylolamides yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj surfactants uas tsis yog ionic, nrog tus nqi ntawm 7,800 yuan / ton hauv xyoo 2002. Alkylolamides siv ntau zaus dua li cov cawv polyoxyethylene cawv hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua. Cov surfactants uas tsis yog ionic siv hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau feem ntau yog alkylolamides. Cov laj thawj yuav yog raws li nram no: FFA muaj cov haujlwm zoo dua lossis ntau dua li AE; tus nqi ntawm cov khoom FFA qis dua li AE; qhov solubility ntawm FFA zoo dua li AE; thiab cov khoom ua npuas ntawm FFA zoo dua li AE.
2. Cov tshuaj surfactant cationic
Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants feem ntau muaj xws li cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone roj, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), thiab lwm yam. Tsis zoo li lwm cov surfactants, cationic surfactants muaj cov khoom ntxuav tsis zoo thiab ua npuas dej, thiab feem ntau muaj qee yam kev lom (tsawg). Hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua, cationic surfactants siv ua cov surfactants pabcuam - cov neeg sawv cev txias nrog cov khoom me me hauv cov qauv; lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom qib siab dua, feem ntau hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau. Cationic surfactants tsis sib xws ncaj qha nrog anionic surfactants. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov ua tau zoo thaum cations thiab anions sib xws, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm nag lossis daus (crystallization). Muaj ntau hom cationic surfactants siv rau hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau, thiab lawv cov zaus siv yog sib kis - tsis yog concentrated rau ib lossis ob hom, thiab lawv feem ntau yog formulated rau hauv cov khoom siv txias. Cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cationic surfactants ntawm cov surfactants yog me me, thiab lawv cov nqi feem ntau kim dua li lwm hom surfactants. Piv nrog rau ntau hom surfactants, cationic surfactants muaj cov nyhuv txias tshaj plaws thiab cov nyhuv bactericidal muaj zog tshaj plaws; txawm hais tias lawv cov qhov tsis zoo xws li kev ntxuav tsis zoo, tsis ua npuas dej, tsis sib xws, khaus heev, thiab tus nqi siab, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm lwm hom surfactants ua cov neeg sawv cev txias hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav plaub hau zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cationic surfactants tsuas yog siv tau ua cov neeg sawv cev txias lossis cov kab mob.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-02-2026