1. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntab dej
Kev siv tshuab flotation, tseem hu ua flotation beneficiation, yog ib txoj kev siv tshuab ua cov khoom siv uas cais cov khoom siv tau los ntawm cov khoom siv gangue ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov roj-kua-khoom los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov pob zeb, thiab tseem hu ua "kev sib cais interface". Txhua txoj kev siv tshuab uas siv ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha siv cov interface theem kom ua tiav kev sib cais cov khoom raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb raug xa mus rau flotation.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av yog hais txog lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, xws li qhov ntub dej ntawm qhov chaw, cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw, hom, kev sib xyaw, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov atoms ntawm qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam. Cov pob zeb hauv av sib txawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev sib txawv no hauv cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw, kev sib cais thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov theem sib txuas. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem flotation suav nrog cov roj-kua-khoom peb-theem sib txuas.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av hauv av tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam dag, nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nce qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov av me me kom pab txhawb lawv txoj kev sib cais. Hauv kev flotation, cov tshuaj flotation feem ntau yog siv los hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av hauv av, nthuav qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov av, nce lossis txo qhov hydrophobicity ntawm cov av hauv av, yog li kho thiab tswj tus cwj pwm flotation ntawm cov av thiab tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis flotation muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj flotation.
Vim tias cov khoom ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov pob zeb txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev xws li qhov ceev thiab qhov sib nqus, uas nyuaj rau hloov pauv, cov khoom ntawm cov pob zeb feem ntau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev dag kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov pob zeb rau kev sib cais. Yog li ntawd, kev ntab dej yog siv dav hauv kev sib cais cov pob zeb thiab hu ua txoj kev ua cov pob zeb thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txoj kev ua cov pob zeb siv dav tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib cais cov khoom zoo thiab cov khoom zoo heev.
2. Cov ntawv thov ntawm Flotation
Kev ua cov khoom siv hauv cov zaub mov yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom uas npaj cov khoom siv raw rau kev smelting hlau thiab kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev ua npuas dej tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ua cov zaub mov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv hauv cov zaub mov tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev ua npuas dej.
Tam sim no, kev siv flotation dav dav hauv cov hlau ores feem ntau yog rau kev ua kom zoo dua hlau thiab manganese, xws li hematite, smithsonite, ilmenite thiab lwm yam minerals; cov hlau muaj nqis feem ntau yog rau kev ua kom zoo dua kub thiab nyiaj; cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, suav nrog cov zaub mov sulfide xws li galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, pentlandite, thiab cov zaub mov oxide xws li malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, wolframite; kev sib cais ntawm cov ntsev tsis yog hlau xws li fluorite, apatite, barite, thiab cov ntsev soluble xws li potash ntsev thiab pob zeb ntsev; nrog rau kev sib cais ntawm cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau thiab cov zaub mov silicate xws li thee, graphite, sulfur, pob zeb diamond, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, spodumene.
Kev siv tshuab ua kom dej ntws tau muaj kev paub ntau yam hauv kev ua cov khoom siv hauv av, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis tas mus li. Rau cov khoom siv hauv av uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj cov qauv nyuaj uas yav dhau los suav tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam, tam sim no lawv tau rov ua dua tshiab (cov peev txheej thib ob) los ntawm kev siv tshuab ua kom dej ntws.
Thaum cov khoom siv hauv av ua rau cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog ntau zuj zus, cov khoom siv tau muab faib ua ntau dua thiab sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov ores, ua rau kev sib cais nyuaj dua; txhawm rau kom txo cov nqi tsim khoom, cov lag luam xws li cov ntaub ntawv hlau thiab cov tshuaj muaj cov kev xav tau siab dua ntawm cov qauv zoo thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv raw, piv txwv li, cov khoom sib cais.
Ntawm ib sab tes, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho qhov zoo; ntawm qhov tod tes, hais txog qhov teeb meem uas cov zaub mov nyuaj rau cais vim yog qhov loj me me, kev flotation tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm txoj hauv kev, dhau los ua txoj hauv kev ua cov zaub mov siv dav tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev cia siab tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem flotation tau maj mam tsim los ntawm kev siv thawj zaug rau cov zaub mov sulfide rau cov zaub mov oxide thiab cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau. Tam sim no, tag nrho cov zaub mov ua los ntawm kev flotation thoob ntiaj teb ncav cuag billions ntawm tons txhua xyoo.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev siv tshuab flotation tsis txwv rau thaj chaw ntawm kev ua cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb, tab sis tau nthuav dav mus rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, metallurgy, papermaking, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, khoom noj, cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj, biology thiab lwm yam teb.
Piv txwv li, kev rov qab los ntawm kev ntab ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo hauv cov khoom nruab nrab, cov khoom tawg thiab cov slags ntawm pyrometallurgy; kev rov qab los ntawm kev ntab ntawm cov khoom seem hydrometallurgical leaching thiab cov khoom tawg uas tau hloov chaw; kev ntab hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg rau kev tshem tawm cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev rov qab los ntawm cov kua pulp pov tseg; kev rho tawm cov roj av hnyav los ntawm cov xuab zeb hauv dej, kev sib cais cov khoom me me, colloids, cov kab mob, thiab kev tshem tawm cov hlau tsis huv los ntawm cov dej phwj yog cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj hauv kev tsim kho ib puag ncig.
Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem flotation, thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov khoom siv flotation tshiab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, flotation yuav siv dav dua hauv ntau lub lag luam thiab cov teb. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias thaum siv cov txheej txheem flotation, cov tshuaj reagents yuav ua rau tus nqi ua tiav siab dua (piv nrog kev sib cais sib nqus thiab kev sib cais lub ntiajteb txawj nqus); qhov loj me me uas xav tau rau kev ua kom zoo yog qhov nruj heev; muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem flotation, nrog rau cov kev xav tau thev naus laus zis siab; thiab cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov tshuaj reagents seem yog qhov teeb meem rau ib puag ncig.
3. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev ntab dej
Cov txheej txheem flotation suav nrog cov khoom siv khov kho thiab cov khoom sib cais (dej, roj). Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb suav nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm flotation, cov tshuaj reagents flotation, cov tshuab flotation, cov txheej txheem flotation, thiab lwm yam.
Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm kev flotation suav nrog qhov floatability ntawm cov zaub mov, cov khoom ntawm kev sib cais interfaces, thiab lwm yam, kawm txog cov khoom ntawm theem interfaces, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov theem, cov mineralization mechanism ntawm npuas, thiab lwm yam; kev tshawb fawb ntawm flotation reagents suav nrog cov hom, cov qauv, cov khoom, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, kev npaj thiab kev siv cov reagents; kev tshawb fawb ntawm flotation machinery suav nrog cov qauv, ua haujlwm txoj cai thiab daim ntawv thov lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuab flotation; kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem flotation hais txog cov txheej txheem, kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, thiab lub kaw lus reagent; ntxiv rau, muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv cov ores.
Lub kaw lus theoretical ntawm kev tshawb fawb flotation suav nrog cov kev qhuab qhia xws li cov txheej txheem mineralogy, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry (interface chemistry, colloid chemistry), fluid mechanics, mechanical engineering, automatic detection, thiab technical thiab economic analysis.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-09-2026