Cov txheej txheem aqueous dispersion feem ntau yog siv, thiab lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv surfactant thiab kev sib kis. Raws li cov khoom hydrophobic, lawv tuaj yeem nqus cov pab pawg hydrophobic ntawm surfactants. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm anionic surfactants, cov pab pawg hydrophilic sab nraud tig rov qab vim lawv cov nqi zoo sib xws. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev ua haujlwm adsorption ntawm surfactants nce nrog qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hydrophobic, thiab yog li surfactants nrog cov saw carbon ntev dua qhia tau tias muaj kev sib kis zoo dua li cov uas muaj cov saw luv dua.
Kev ua kom cov surfactants hydrophilicity ntau ntxiv feem ntau ua rau lawv cov solubility hauv dej zoo dua, yog li ntawd txo lawv cov adsorption ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom me me. Qhov cuam tshuam no ua rau pom tseeb dua thaum lub zog sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov surfactant thiab cov khoom me me tsis muaj zog. Piv txwv li, hauv kev npaj cov aqueous dye dispersion systems, cov sulfonated lignosulfonate dispersants siab heev tuaj yeem siv rau cov dyes hydrophobic muaj zog los tsim cov dispersion systems nrog kev ruaj khov thermal zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tib lub dispersant rau cov dyes hydrophilic ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov thermal tsis zoo; qhov sib piv, kev siv lignosulfonate dispersants nrog qib qis dua ntawm sulfonation ua rau cov dispersion systems nrog kev ruaj khov thermal zoo. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias cov dispersants sulfonated siab muaj solubility siab ntawm qhov kub siab, ua rau lawv yooj yim tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hydrophilic dyes, qhov twg kev sib cuam tshuam thawj zaug twb tsis muaj zog, yog li txo qis dispersibility.
Yog tias cov khoom me me uas tawg ua tej daim me me nqa cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab xaiv cov surfactant uas muaj cov nqi sib txawv, tej zaum yuav muaj flocculation ua ntej cov nqi ntawm cov khoom me me raug neutralized. Tsuas yog tom qab txheej thib ob ntawm surfactant raug adsorbed rau ntawm cov khoom me me uas tsis muaj nqi tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tawg ua tej daim me me ruaj khov. Yog tias xaiv cov surfactant uas muaj cov nqi zoo sib xws, kev adsorption ntawm surfactant rau ntawm cov khoom me me yuav nyuaj; zoo sib xws, kev adsorption txaus los tswj kev tawg ua tej daim me me tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm cov concentration siab. Hauv kev xyaum, cov ionic dispersants siv feem ntau muaj ntau pawg ionic faib tawm.thoob plaws tag nrho cov surfactant molecule, thaum lawv cov hydrophobic pawg muaj cov unsaturated hydrocarbon saw nrog polar pawg xws li aromatic rings lossis ether bonds.
Rau cov polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants, cov saw hlau polyoxyethylene uas muaj dej ntau txuas mus rau hauv theem dej hauv cov qauv curled, tsim kom muaj kev thaiv steric zoo tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom khov. Lub caij no, cov saw hlau hydrated oxyethylene tuab, ntau txheej txo cov zog van der Waals ntawm cov khoom khov, ua rau lawv zoo heev dispersants. Block copolymers ntawm propylene oxide thiab ethylene oxide yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv ua dispersants. Lawv cov saw hlau polyoxyethylene ntev txhim kho kev yaj hauv dej, thaum lawv cov polypropylene oxide hydrophobic pawg txuas ntxiv txhawb kev nqus tau zoo dua rau ntawm cov khoom khov; yog li ntawd, copolymers nrog cov saw hlau ntev ntawm ob qho tib si yog qhov zoo tagnrho li dispersants.
Thaum cov ionic thiab nonionic surfactants raug sib xyaw ua ke, lub kaw lus sib xyaw tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov molecules txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv theem aqueous, tsim ib qho steric barrier uas tiv thaiv cov khoom me me sib sau ua ke, tab sis kuj ua rau lub zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis interfacial ntawm cov khoom khov kho. Yog li, rau lub kaw lus sib xyaw, tsuav yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov surfactants hauv theem aqueous tsis cuam tshuam lawv cov adsorption ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom me me, cov dispersant nrog cov saw hydrophobic ntev dua yuav ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dispersing zoo dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-31-2025