Muaj ntau cov tshuaj synthesized surfactants puas tsuaj rau ecological ib puag ncig vim lawv tsis zoo biodegradability, toxicity, thiab nyiam nyob rau hauv ecosystems. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lom surfactants - yam ntxwv los ntawm yooj yim biodegradability thiab non-toxicity rau ecological systems - yog zoo suited rau cov pa phem tswj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig engineering. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv flotation hauv cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab, adsorbing mus rau cov khoom siv colloidal kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom hlau ions, lossis siv rau kev kho qhov chaw uas muaj cov kab mob organic thiab cov hlau hnyav.
1. Kev siv hauv cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiabcov
Thaum kho cov dej khib nyiab lom neeg, cov hlau hnyav hnyav feem ntau cuam tshuam los yog tshuaj lom cov zej zog microbial hauv cov activated sludge. Yog li ntawd, pretreatment yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum siv cov txheej txheem lom neeg los kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov hlau hnyav ions. Tam sim no, hydroxide nag lossis daus txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav ions los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, tab sis nws cov nag lossis daus yog txwv los ntawm kev solubility ntawm hydroxides, uas ua rau muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Flotation txoj kev, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau txwv vim yog kev siv cov flotation collectors (xws li, cov tshuaj synthesized surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate) uas nyuaj rau degrade nyob rau hauv cov theem tom ntej kev kho mob, ua rau cov pa phem thib ob. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau txhim kho lwm txoj hauv kev uas yog ob qho yooj yim biodegradable thiab ib puag ncig tsis muaj tshuaj lom - thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha muaj tseeb muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
2. Cov ntawv thov hauv Bioremediationcov
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov kab mob mus rau catalyze degradation ntawm cov organic pollutants thiab yog li kho cov kab mob nyob ib puag ncig, lom surfactants muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau ntawm-site bioremediation ntawm cov organically polluted qhov chaw. Qhov no yog vim tias lawv tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ntawm fermentation broths, tshem tawm cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais surfactant, extraction, thiab khoom purification.
2.1 Txhim kho qhov degradation ntawm Alkanescov
Alkanes yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj av. Thaum lub sij hawm kev tshawb nrhiav roj av, kev rho tawm, kev thauj mus los, kev ua, thiab kev khaws cia, cov roj av tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov av thiab dej hauv av. Txhawm rau kom nrawm alkane degradation, ntxiv cov roj ntsha surfactants tuaj yeem txhim kho hydrophilicity thiab biodegradability ntawm hydrophobic compounds, nce microbial pejxeem, thiab yog li txhim kho tus nqi degradation ntawm alkanes.
2.2 Txhim kho qhov degradation ntawm Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)ua
PAHs tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau ntxiv vim lawv "peb cov teebmeem carcinogenic" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, thiab mutagenic). Ntau lub tebchaws tau faib lawv ua cov pa phem ua ntej. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias microbial degradation yog thawj txoj hauv kev rau tshem PAHs los ntawm ib puag ncig, thiab lawv cov degradability tsawg zuj zus raws li cov benzene rings nce: PAHs nrog peb los yog tsawg dua rings yog yooj yim degraded, thaum cov plaub los yog ntau dua rings yog nyuaj rau tawg.
2.3 Tshem Tawm Cov Khoom Siv Hnyav Hnyavcov
Cov txheej txheem sib kis ntawm cov hlau hnyav hnyav hauv av yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev zais, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab irreversibility, ua rau kev kho cov hlau hnyav-polluted av yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntev hauv kev kawm. Cov txheej txheem tam sim no rau kev tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav los ntawm cov av muaj xws li vitrification, immobilization / stabilization, thiab kev kho cua sov. Thaum vitrification yog technically ua tau, nws muaj ntau yam engineering ua hauj lwm thiab cov nqi siab. Cov txheej txheem immobilization yog thim rov qab, xav tau kev soj ntsuam tas li ntawm kev kho mob tom qab siv. Kev kho cua sov tsuas yog tsim rau cov hlau hnyav hnyav (xws li mercury). Yog li ntawd, cov kev kho mob uas tsis muaj nqi tsawg tau pom kev loj hlob sai. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib siv ecologically non-toxic biological surfactants los kho cov av hnyav hlau uas tsis muaj paug.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-08-2025