Kedu ihe bụ biosurfactants?

Biosurfactants bụ metabolites zoro ezo site na microorganisms n'oge usoro metabolic ha n'okpuru ọnọdụ ịkụ mkpụrụ. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta kemịkalụ, biosurfactants nwere ọtụtụ àgwà pụrụ iche, dị ka ụdị nhazi dị iche iche, biodegradability, nnukwu ọrụ ndu, na enyi gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihi ihe ndị dị ka nnweta akụrụngwa, ọnụ ahịa, na njedebe arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta sịntetik - jikọtara ya na ọchịchọ ha nke ịkpata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike ma na-etinye ihe ize ndụ nye ahụike mmadụ n'oge mmepụta na ojiji-nchọpụta na biosurfactants etoola nke ukwuu n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga ka mmata gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike abawanyela. Ogige ahụ amalitela ngwa ngwa, yana ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ikike gbara akwụkwọ na mba ụwa maka ụdị biosurfactant dị iche iche na usoro mmepụta ha. Na China, nyocha lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ bụ isi na ntinye nke biosurfactants na mgbake mmanụ na-abawanye na bioremediation.

1.Types nke Biosurfactants na-emepụta strains

1.1 Ụdị Biosurfactants

A na-ekewapụta surfactants ndị a na-arụkọ ọrụ nke kemịkalụ dabere na otu pola ha, ebe a na-ahazi biosurfactants dabere na njirimara biochemical ha na microorganisms na-emepụta. A na-ekekarị ha ụzọ ise: glycolipids, phospholipids na fatty acids, lipopeptides na lipoproteins, polymeric surfactants, na surfactants pụrụ iche.

1.2 Na-emepụta ụdị nke biosurfactants

Ọtụtụ biosurfactants bụ metabolites nke nje bacteria, yists na fungi. A na-enyochakarị ụdị ndị a na-emepụta site na ọdọ mmiri, ala, ma ọ bụ gburugburu mmiri nke mmanwụ merụrụ.

2.Production nke Biosurfactants

Ugbu a, enwere ike ịmepụta biosurfactants site na ụzọ abụọ bụ isi: microbial gbaa ụka na njikọ enzymatic.

Na gbaa ụka, ụdị na mkpụrụ nke biosurfactants na-adabere n'ụzọ bụ isi na nje nke microorganism, ọkwa ya na-eto eto, ọdịdị nke mkpụrụ osisi carbon, ntinye nke N, P, na ion metal (dị ka Mg²⁺ na Fe²⁺) na usoro omenala, yana ọnọdụ ịkụ ihe (pH, okpomọkụ, ọsọ ọsọ, wdg). Uru nke gbaa ụka na-agụnye ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị ala, ụdị dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa, na usoro dị mfe, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ buru ibu. Otú ọ dị, ụgwọ nke nkewa na ịdị ọcha nwere ike ịdị elu.

N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị surfactants ndị a na-arụkọ ọrụ nke enzymatically na-enwekarị ihe owuwu molekụla dị mfe mana ha na-egosipụtakwa ọmarịcha ọrụ elu. Uru nke usoro enzymatic gụnyere ọnụ ahịa mmịpụta dị ala, ịdị mfe nke ngbanwe nhazi, ịdị ọcha kwụ ọtọ, na ijikwa enzymes anaghị emegharị ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji surfactants arụpụtara enzymatically mepụta ngwaahịa bara uru dị elu, dị ka akụrụngwa ọgwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa enzyme dị elu ugbu a, ọganihu na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji kwalite nkwụsi ike enzyme na ọrụ a na-atụ anya ibelata mmefu mmepụta.