Te whakamahinga o ngā matū horoi i roto i te hanga mara hinu

Te tono ongā matū horoii roto i te whakaputanga o te mara hinu

1. Ngā matū horoi e whakamahia ana mō te keri hinu taumaha

Nā te matotoru nui me te kore e rere o te hinu taumaha, he maha ngā uauatanga ki te keri. Hei tango i ēnei hinu taumaha, me werowero i ētahi wā he wairewa wai o te surfactant ki raro i te poka hei huri i te hinu taumaha matotoru nui hei hinu-i-te-wai emulsion iti-makuku, ka tangohia ki te mata. Ko ngā surfactants e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei tikanga emulsification me te whakaiti matotoru o te hinu taumaha ko te sodium alkyl sulfonate, te polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, te polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, te polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, te polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl alcohol ether sulfate sodium salt, me ētahi atu. Ko te hinu-i-te-wai e hangaia ana me wehewehe i te wai, ā, me whakamahi i ētahi surfactants ahumahi hei demulsifiers mō te maroke. Ko ēnei demulsifiers he emulsifiers wai-i-te-hinu. Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā surfactants cationic, ngā waikawa naphthenic rānei, ngā waikawa asphaltonic me ō rātou tote konganuku maha-valent.

Kāore e taea te keri i te hinu taumaha motuhake mā ngā wae papu tikanga, ā, me werohanga mamaoa hei whakaora wera. Hei whakapai ake i te pānga whakaora wera, me whakamahi ngā matū horoi. Ko te werohanga pahuka ki roto i te poka werohanga mamaoa, arā, te werohanga i te kaihoko pahuka ātete pāmahana teitei me te hau kore-whakapūmau, tētahi o ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana.

Ko ngā matū whakapūpū e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā sulfonates alkyl benzene, ngā sulfonates α-olefin, ngā sulfonates petroleum, ngā ethers alcohol polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfohydrocarbylated me ngā ethers polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol sulfohydrocarbylated, me ētahi atu. Nā te mea he nui te kaha o te mata o ngā matū whakapūpū fluorinated, ā, he pumau ki ngā waikawa, ki ngā kawakore, ki te hāora, ki te wera me te hinu, he tino pai ēnei hei matū whakapūpū pāmahana teitei. Kia ngāwari ai te haere o te hinu marara mā roto i te hanganga korokoro o te hanganga, kia ngāwari ai rānei te peia atu o te hinu i runga i te mata o te hanganga, me whakamahi he matū whakapūpū e kiia nei ko te matū horapa kiriata. Ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te matū mahi mata o te kapia phenolic oxyalkylated.

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1. Ngā matū horoi mō te keri hinu mata waki

Ko te whakamahinga o te hinu mata waki he mea e hiahiatia ana kia auau te aukati i te waki me te tango i te waki. Ko ngā matū horoi he aukati waki me te tango waki. Kei reira ngā matū horoi wairewa-hinu me ngā matū horoi wairewa-wai e whakamahia ana hei ārai-waki. Ko te mea tuatahi he mahi ārai-waki mā te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te mata tioata waki. Ko ngā matū horoi wairewa-hinu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā sulfonates petroleum me ngā matū horoi amine. Ko ngā matū horoi wairewa-wai he mahi ārai-waki mā te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o ngā mata i hangaia ki te waki (pērā i ngā paipa hinu, ngā tokotoko ngote me ngā mata taputapu). Ko ngā matū horoi e wātea ana ko ngā sulfonates konutai alkyl, ngā tote ammonium quaternary, ngā ethers alkane polyoxyethylene, ngā ethers hauwaiwaro kakara polyoxyethylene me ō rātou tote konutai sulfonate, me ētahi atu. E rua ngā wāhanga o ngā matū horoi e whakamahia ana hei tango i te waki. Ko ngā matū horoi wairewa-hinu e whakamahia ana mō ngā tango ware pi e hangai ana ki te hinu, me te momo sulfonate wairewa-wai, te momo tote ammonium quaternary, te momo polyether, te momo Tween, te momo OP, te momo papatahi e hangai ana ki te sulfate, sulfo-alkylated rānei, me te momo OP.matū horoiKa whakamahia ngā s i roto i ngā tango ware pi wai. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakakotahihia ngā tango ware pi o te whare me tāwāhi ki te rauropi, ā, kua whakakotahihia ngā tango ware pi hinu me ngā tango ware pi wai ki te hanga tango ware pi ranu. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tango ware pi ngā hauwaiwaro kakara me ngā hauwaiwaro kakara whakauru hei wāhanga hinu, ā, ka whakamahia he emulsifier me te pānga horoi ware pi hei wāhanga wai. Ina he surfactant kore-ionic te emulsifier kua tīpakohia me te pūwāhi kapua e tika ana, ka taea e te pāmahana i raro i te wāhanga ware pi o te puna hinu te eke, te neke atu rānei i tōna pūwāhi kapua, kia taea ai e te tango ware pi whakauru te pakaru o te emulsification i mua i te urunga ki te wāhanga hanga ware pi, ā, ka wehea ngā kaihoko horoi ware pi e rua, e mahi tahi ana i te mahi horoi ware pi.

3. Ngā matū horoiwhakamahia hei whakau i te uku

E rua ngā wāhanga o te uku whakau: te aukati i te whānui o ngā kohuke uku me te aukati i te hekenga o ngā matūriki kohuke uku. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matūriki cationic pērā i te momo tote amine, te momo tote ammonium quaternary, te momo tote pyridinium, me te tote imidazoline hei ārai i te pupuhi o te uku. Kei te wātea ngā matūriki kore-ionic-cationic kei roto i te fluorine hei ārai i te hekenga o ngā matūriki kohuke uku.

4. Ngā matū horoie whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mehua whakakawa

Hei whakapai ake i te pānga waikawa, he maha ngā momo tāpiri ka tāpirihia ki te otinga waikawa. Ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi matū horoi e hototahi ana ki te otinga waikawa, ā, he ngāwari te mimiti e te hanganga hei aukati waikawa. Pērā i te amine hydrochloride momona, te tote ammonium quaternary, te tote pyridine i roto i ngā matū horoi cationic me te sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted, sulfate ester salted polyoxyethylene alkanes rānei i roto i ngā matū horoi amphoteric base phenol ether, me ētahi atu. Ko ētahi matū horoi, pērā i te waikawa dodecyl sulfonic me ōna tote alkylamine, ka taea te whakaemulsified i te wai waikawa i roto i te hinu hei whakaputa i te emulsion waikawa-i-te-hinu. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei emulsion hei wai ahumahi waikawa, ā, he mahi whakaroa anō hoki.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi matū horoi hei ārai-whakapūhui mō ngā wai whakakawa. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi he hanganga peka pērā i te polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether me te polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine hei ārai-whakapūhui whakakawa.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi matū horoi wai hei āwhina i te mimiti wai kāore e hiahiatia he waikawa. Ko ngā matū horoi wai ka taea te whakamahi hei āwhina mimiti wai ko te momo tote amine, te momo tote ammonium quaternary, te momo tote pyridinium, te momo matū horoi wai kore-ionic, te momo amphoteric me te momo matū horoi wai kei roto he fluorine.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi matū horoi hei ārai i te paru waikawa, pērā i ngā matū horoi wairewa-hinu, pērā i ngā alkylphenols, ngā waikawa ngako, ngā waikawa alkylbenzenesulfonic, ngā tote ammonium quaternary, me ētahi atu. Nā te mea he ngoikore te wairewa waikawa, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi kore-ionic hei whakamarara i a rātou ki roto i te otinga waikawa.

Hei whakapai ake i te pānga waikawa, me tāpiri he kaihoko hurihanga whakamakuku ki te otinga waikawa hei huri i te kaha whakamakuku o te rohe tata-pūngao mai i te lipophilic ki te hydrophilic. Ka mimitihia e te hanganga ngā ranunga o ngā polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers me ngā phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers hei hanga i te paparanga tāpiringa tuatoru, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakamakuku me te hurihanga.

Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira ētahi matū horoi, pērā i te amine hydrochloride momona, te tote ammonium quaternary, te matū horoi nonionic-anionic rānei, e whakamahia ana hei kaihanga huka hei hanga wai mahi waikawa huka hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakaroa i te waikura me te waikawa hohonu, ka hangaia rānei he huka mai i tēnei ka whakamahia hei wai-mua mō te waikawa. I muri i te werohanga ki roto i te hanganga, ka werohangahia te otinga waikawa. Ka taea e te pānga Jamin i puta mai i ngā mirumiru i roto i te huka te huri i te wai waikawa, ka akiaki i te wai waikawa ki te whakarewa i te paparanga uruhanga iti, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pānga waikawa.

5. Ngā matū horoi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mehua pakaru

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tikanga pakaru i roto i ngā mara hinu iti te uruhanga. Ka whakamahia te pēhanga hei whakatuwhera i te hanganga hei hanga pakaru, ā, ka whakamahia te proppant hei tautoko i ngā pakaru hei whakaiti i te ātete rere o te wai, hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga me te aro. Ko ētahi wai pakaru he mea hanga ki ngā surfactants hei wāhanga o ngā kai.

Ka hangaia ngā wai pakaru hinu-i-te-wai ki te wai, te hinu me ngā emulsifier. Ko ngā emulsifier e whakamahia ana ko ngā surfactants ionic, non-ionic me te amphoteric. Mena ka whakamahia te wai matotoru hei wāhanga o waho, ā, ka whakamahia te hinu hei wāhanga o roto, ka taea te whakarite i tētahi wai pakaru hinu-i-te-wai matotoru (polymer emulsion). Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei wai pakaru i ngā pāmahana i raro i te 160°C, ā, ka taea te wawahi aunoa i ngā emulsion me te tango i ngā wai.

He wai pakaru te wai pakaru pahuka e whakamahi ana i te wai hei reo marara, ā, ko te hau hei wāhanga marara. Ko ōna wāhanga matua ko te wai, te hau me te kaihoko pahuka. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā alkyl sulfonates, ngā alkyl benzene sulfonates, ngā tote alkyl sulfate ester, ngā tote ammonium quaternary me ngā OP surfactants hei kaihoko pahuka. Ko te kukū o te kaihoko pahuka i roto i te wai he 0.5-2% te tikanga, ā, ko te ōwehenga o te rōrahi wāhanga hau ki te rōrahi pahuka kei roto i te awhe 0.5-0.9.

Ko te wai pakaru hinu he wai pakaru i hangaia ki te hinu hei whakarewa, hei reo marara rānei. Ko te hinu e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te papaanga ko te hinu mata, ko tōna wāhanga taumaha rānei. Hei whakapai ake i tōna matotoru me ōna āhuatanga pāmahana, me tāpiri he hinu-wairewa-hinu sulfonate (taumaha ngota 300-750). Kei roto hoki i ngā wai pakaru hinu ngā wai pakaru wai-i-roto-hinu me ngā wai pakaru pahuka hinu. Ko ngā emulsifier e whakamahia ana i roto i te mea tuatahi ko ngā surfactants anionic wai-hinu, ngā surfactants cationic me ngā surfactants nonionic, ko ngā surfactants pahuka e whakamahia ana i roto i te mea whakamutunga ko ngā surfactants polymer kei roto he fluorine.

Ka whakamahia e te wai pakaru hanganga tairongo-wai te ranunga o te waipiro (pērā i te ethylene glycol) me te hinu (pērā i te kerosene) hei reo marara, te hauhā waro wai hei wāhanga marara, me te waipiro polyoxyethylene alkyl ether kua tote-whāwhāhia hei emulsifier. He emulsion, he pahuka rānei i hangaia ki te kaihoko pahuka hei wawahi i ngā hanganga tairongo-wai.

Ko te wai pakaru e whakamahia ana mō te pakaru me te whakakawakawa he wai pakaru, he wai whakakawakawa hoki. Ka whakamahia i roto i ngā hanganga warowaihā, ā, ka mahia ngā mahi e rua i te wā kotahi. E pā ana ki ngā surfactants ko te pahuka waikawa me te emulsion waikawa. Ko te tuatahi ka whakamahi i te alkyl sulfonate, i te alkyl benzene sulfonate rānei hei kaihoko pahuka, ā, ko te tuarua ka whakamahi i te surfactant sulfonate hei emulsifier. Pērā i ngā wai whakakawakawa, ka whakamahia hoki e ngā wai pakaru ngā surfactants hei anti-emulsifier, hei āwhina rerenga wai me ngā kaihoko whakahurihuri mākū, kāore e kōrerohia i konei.

6. Whakamahia ngā matū horoi hei whakahaere i te kōtaha me ngā mahi aukati wai

Hei whakapai ake i te pānga whanaketanga o te werohanga wai, me te pehi i te tere pikinga o te ihirangi wai o te hinu mata, he mea tika kia whakatikatikaina te kōtaha mimiti wai i runga i ngā puna werohanga wai, kia whakapiki ake hoki i te whakaputanga mā te aukati i te wai i runga i ngā puna whakaputa. Ko ētahi o ngā tikanga whakahaere kōtaha me te aukati wai he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ētahi matū horoi.

Ko te kaihoko whakahaere kōtaha HPC/SDS he mea hanga mai i te hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) me te konutai dodecyl sulfate (SDS) i roto i te wai māori.

Ka whakarewaina te konutai alkyl sulfonate me te alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ki roto i te wai hei whakarite i ngā wai mahi e rua, ka werohia ki roto i te hanganga tetahi i muri i tetahi. Ka taunekeneke ngā wai mahi e rua i roto i te hanganga hei whakaputa i te alkyl trimethylamine. Ka whakapūmau te sulfite ka aukati i te paparanga uruhanga teitei.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, me ētahi atu hei hanga huka, ka rewa ki te wai hei whakarite i tētahi wai mahi, kātahi ka werohia ki roto i te hanganga me te wai mahi waro hauhā wai, kia puta ai he huka i roto i te hanganga (te nuinga o te paparanga uruhanga teitei), ka puta he aukati, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i te kōtaha.

Mā te whakamahi i te surfactant ammonium quaternary hei kaihoko pahuka i rewa i roto i te waikawa silicic sol i hangaia mai i te ammonium sulfate me te karāhe wai, ka werohia ki roto i te hanganga, kātahi ka werohia te hau kore-whakapūpū (hau māori, hau chlorine rānei), ka taea te whakaputa i tētahi āhua wai-pūpū i roto i te hanganga i te tuatahi. Ko te pahuka i roto i te paparanga marara, ā, muri iho ko te whakakotahitanga o te waikawa silicic sol, ka puta he pahuka me te totoka hei reo marara, e mahi ana ki te aukati i te paparanga uruhanga teitei me te whakahaere i te kōtaha.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā matū whakapūkara sulfonate hei kaihanga pahuka, me ngā matū polymer hei kaiwhakaū pahuka matotoru, kātahi ka werohia he hau, he matū whakaputa hau rānei, ka puta he pahuka wai i runga i te whenua, i roto rānei i te hanganga. He pahuka mata-kaha tēnei i roto i te paparanga hinu. Ka neke te nui o te kaihoko ki te hononga hinu-wai, ka pakaru te pahuka, kia kore ai e ārai i te paparanga hinu. He kaihoko whiriwhiri, he kaihoko ārai wai hoki i te puna hinu.

Ko te matū ārai wai o te sima hinu he mea whakatārewatia te sima i roto i te hinu. He wai-aro te mata o te sima. Ina uru ki te paparanga wai, ka nekehia e te wai te taunekeneke i waenga i te puna hinu me te sima i runga i te mata o te sima, ka whakapakeke te sima, ka ārai i te paparanga wai. Hei whakapai ake i te rere o tēnei matū ārai, ka tāpirihia ngā matū ārai wai carboxylate me te sulfonate.

Ko te micellar wai-wairewa-wai he otinga micellar e titoa ana i te hinu ammonium sulfonate, ngā warowaihā me ngā waipiro. He nui te wai tote kei roto i te hanganga, ā, ka matotoru hei whakatutuki i te pānga aukati-wai.

Ko te otinga surfactant cationic surfactant he wai, he hinu rānei, he mea hanga mai i ngā matū hohe o te alkyl carboxylate me te tote alkyl ammonium chloride, ā, he pai anake mō ngā hanganga onepū.

Ko te kaiārai wai hinu taumaha hohe he momo hinu taumaha e rewa ana ki te emulsifier wai-i-roto-hinu. Ka puta he emulsion wai-i-roto-hinu tino matotoru i muri i te whakamaroketanga o te hanganga kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te aukati wai.

Ka whakaritea te kaihopu ārai-wai hinu-i-roto-i-te-wai mā te whakaemulsifying i te hinu taumaha i roto i te wai mā te whakamahi i te surfactant cationic hei emulsifier hinu-i-roto-i-te-wai.

7. Whakamahia ngā matū horoi oneone hei whakahaere i te onepu

I mua i ngā mahi whakahaere onepu, me werowero he nui o te wai whakahohe kua whakaritea ki ngā matū horoi onepu hei wai-mua hei horoi i te hanganga kia pai ake ai te pānga whakahaere onepu. Ko ngā matū horoi onepu e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā ko ngā matū horoi anionika.

8. Kaihoroi mō te whakamaroke hinu mata

I ngā wāhanga whakaora hinu tuatahi me te tuarua, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā mea whakakore i te wai-i-roto-i-te-hinu mō te hinu mata kua tangohia. E toru ngā whakatipuranga hua kua whakawhanakehia. Ko te whakatipuranga tuatahi ko te carboxylate, te sulfate me te sulfonate. Ko te whakatipuranga tuarua ko ngā surfactants kore-ionic iti-ngota pērā i te OP, Pingpingjia me te hinu castor sulfonated. Ko te whakatipuranga tuatoru ko te surfactant kore-ionic polymer.

I ngā wāhanga whakamutunga o te whakaora hinu tuarua me te whakaora hinu tuatoru, ko te hinu mata i puta ko te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te āhua o te whakapūhui hinu-i-te-wai. E whā ngā momo whakakorenga e whakamahia ana, pērā i te tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride me te didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Ka taea e rātou te tauhohe ki ngā whakapūhui anionic hei whakarerekē i te uara o tō rātou taurite hinu hydrophilic, ka mimiti rānei ki te mata o ngā matūriki uku makuku-wai, ka whakarerekē i tō rātou mākū me te whakangaro i ngā whakapūhui hinu-i-te-wai. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi o ngā surfactants anionic me ngā surfactants koreionic wairewa-hinu ka taea te whakamahi hei whakapūhui wai-i-te-hinu ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakakorenga mō ngā whakapūhui hinu-i-te-wai.

1. Ngā matū horoi wai mō te maimoatanga wai

I muri i te wehenga o te wai whakaputa o te puna hinu mai i te hinu mata, me tukatuka te wai i puta kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga werohanga anō. E ono ngā kaupapa o te maimoatanga wai, arā, te aukati i te waikura, te ārai i te unahi, te whakahoromata, te tango hāora, te tango hinu me te tango i ngā mea totoka i whakatārewatia. Nō reira, me whakamahi ngā aukati waikura, ngā kaihoko ārai-unahi, ngā patu huakita, ngā kaihoroi hāora, ngā tango hinu me ngā mea whakapūkara, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei e pā ana ki ngā kaihoroi ahumahi:

Ko ngā matū horoi ahumahi e whakamahia ana hei aukati i te waikura ko ngā tote o te waikawa alkyl sulfonic, te waikawa alkyl benzene sulfonic, te waikawa perfluoroalkyl sulfonic, ngā tote alkyl amine rārangi, ngā tote ammonium quaternary, me ngā tote alkyl pyridine. , ngā tote o te imidazoline me ōna pānga, ngā polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, te polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, te polyoxyethylene rosin amine, te polyoxyethylene stearylamine me te polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonate, ngā tote ā-roto ammonium quaternary, ngā tote ā-roto di(polyoxyethylene)alkyl me ōna pānga.

Ko ngā matū horoi e whakamahia ana hei ārai i te poke ko ngā tote phosphate ester, ngā tote sulfate ester, ngā acetates, ngā carboxylates me ā rātou matū polyoxyethylene. He pai ake te pumau wera o ngā tote sulfonate ester me ngā tote carboxylate i ērā o ngā tote phosphate ester me ngā tote sulfate ester.

Ko ngā matū horoi ahumahi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā harore ko ngā tote alkylamine rārangi, ngā tote ammonium quaternary, ngā tote alkylpyridinium, ngā tote o te imidazoline me ōna matū rerekē, ngā tote ammonium quaternary rerekē, te di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl me ngā tote ā-roto o ōna matū rerekē.

Ko ngā matū horoi hinu ahumahi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu tango hinu he matū horoi he hanganga peka me ngā rōpū konutai dithiocarboxylate.

10. Kaihoroi mō te waipuke hinu matū

Ka taea e te whakaora hinu tuatahi me te tuarua te whakaora i te 25%-50% o te hinu mata i raro i te whenua, engari he nui tonu te hinu mata e toe ana i raro i te whenua, ā, kāore e taea te whakaora. Mā te mahi whakaora hinu tuatoru ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakaora hinu mata. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia e te whakaora hinu tuatoru te tikanga waipuke matū, arā, te tāpiri i ētahi matū ki te wai werohanga hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te waipuke wai. I roto i ngā matū e whakamahia ana, ko ētahi he matū horoi ahumahi. He whakataki poto ki ēnei e whai ake nei:

Ko te tikanga matū mō te waipuke hinu mā te whakamahi i te surfactant hei matū matua ka kiia ko te waipuke surfactant. Ko te nuinga o ngā surfactants he mahi ki te whakapai ake i te whakaora hinu mā te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te hononga hinu-wai me te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā capillaries. Nā te mea he kino te utu o te mata o te hanganga onepū, ko ngā surfactants e whakamahia ana he surfactants anionic te nuinga, ā, ko te nuinga he surfactants sulfonate. Ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i te matū sulfonate (pērā i te whanariki trioxide) hei sulfonate i ngā wāhanga hinu he nui te ihirangi warowaihā kakara, kātahi ka whakakorea ki te kawakore. Ko ōna whakatakotoranga: matū hohe 50%-80%, hinu kohuke 5%-30%, wai 2%-20%, konutai sulfate 1%-6%. Kāore te hinu sulfonate e ātete ki te pāmahana, te tote, ngā iona konganuku utu nui rānei. Ka hangaia ngā sulfonate hangai mai i ngā warowaihā e rite ana mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hangai e rite ana. I roto i ēnei, he tino ātete te α-olefin sulfonate ki te tote me ngā iona konganuku nui-valent. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ētahi atu matū horoi anionic-nonionic me ngā matū horoi carboxylate mō te nekehanga hinu. E rua ngā momo tāpiri e hiahiatia ana mō te nekehanga hinu o te matū horoi: ko tētahi he matū horoi tahi, pērā i te isobutanol, te diethylene glycol butyl ether, te urea, te sulfolane, te alkenylene benzene sulfonate, me ētahi atu, ā, ko tētahi he matū dielectric, tae atu ki ngā tote waikawa me te alkali, ko te nuinga he tote, ka taea te whakaiti i te hydrophilicity o te matū horoi me te whakanui ake i te lipophilicity, me te whakarerekē hoki i te uara taurite hydrophilic-lipophilic o te matū hohe. Hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o te matū horoi me te whakapai ake i ngā pānga ōhanga, ka whakamahia hoki e te waipuke o te matū horoi ngā matū e kiia nei ko ngā matū patunga tapu. Ko ngā matū ka taea te whakamahi hei matū patunga tapu ko ngā matū kawakore me ngā waikawa polycarboxylic me ō rātou tote. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā oligomers me ngā polymers hei matū patunga tapu. Ko ngā lignosulfonates me ō rātou whakarerekētanga he matū patunga tapu.

Ko te tikanga nekehanga hinu e whakamahi ana i ngā matū e rua, neke atu rānei, e kiia ana ko te waipuke hiato. Ko tēnei tikanga nekehanga hinu e pā ana ki ngā surfactants ko: te waipuke surfactant matotoru o te surfactant me te polymer; te waipuke surfactant whakarei ake i te kawakawa me te surfactant alkali + te waipuke alkali whakarei ake rānei i te surfactant; te waipuke hiato e hangai ana ki te huānga me te alkali + surfactant + polymer. Ko te waipuke hiato he nui ake ngā tauwehe whakaora i te taraiwa kotahi. E ai ki ngā tātaritanga o nāianei o ngā ia whanaketanga i te kāinga me tāwāhi, he nui ake ngā painga o te waipuke pūhui tuatoru i te waipuke pūhui takirua. Ko ngā surfactants e whakamahia ana i roto i te waipuke hiato tuatoru ko ngā sulfonates petroleum te nuinga, e whakamahia ana hoki me te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa phosphoric me ngā carboxylates o te polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, me te polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium salts. me ētahi atu hei whakapai ake i tōna manawanui ki te tote. Nō nā tata nei, i te kāinga me tāwāhi kua aro nui ki te rangahau me te whakamahi i ngā biosurfactants, pērā i te rhamnolipid, te hupa whakapūkara sophorolipid, me ētahi atu, tae atu ki ngā carboxylates whakauru taiao me te lignin alkali hua-hanga pepa, me ētahi atu, ā, kua tutuki ngā hua pai i ngā whakamātautau mara me roto. He pai te pānga tango hinu.