He aha ngā biosurfactants?

Ko ngā matū koiora he matū matū e tukuna ana e ngā moroiti i roto i ā rātou tukanga pākia i raro i ngā tikanga whakatipu motuhake. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū koiora i hangaia i te matū, he maha ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ngā matū koiora, pērā i te kanorau hanganga, te pirau koiora, te whānui o te mahi koiora, me te atawhai taiao. Nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te wātea o ngā rauemi mata, te utu, me ngā herenga mahi o ngā matū koiora hangai—me tō rātou āhua ki te whakararuraru i te taiao me te whakararu i te hauora o te tangata i te wā whakaputa me te whakamahinga—kua tino tipu te rangahau mō ngā matū koiora i roto i ngā tekau tau e rua kua pahure ake nei i te mea kua piki ake te mōhiotanga ki te taiao me te hauora. Kua tere te whanaketanga o te mara, me te maha o ngā patent kua tukuna ki te ao mō ngā momo matū koiora me ā rātou tukanga whakaputa. I Haina, ko te arotahi matua o te rangahau ko te whakamahinga o ngā matū koiora i roto i te whakaora hinu whakarei ake me te whakaora koiora.

1. Ngā momo matū koiora me ngā momo whakaputa

1.1 Ngā Momo o ngā Kaihoroi Koiora

Ko ngā surfactants i hangaia mā te matū ka whakarōpūtia i runga i ō rātou rōpū polar, ko ngā biosurfactants ia ka whakarōpūtia i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga matū koiora me ngā moroiti whakaputa. E rima ngā momo e wehea ana: ngā glycolipids, ngā phospholipids me ngā waikawa ngako, ngā lipopeptides me ngā lipoproteins, ngā surfactants polymeric, me ngā surfactants motuhake.

1.2 Te Hanga i ngā Momo o ngā Biosurfactants

Ko te nuinga o ngā matū koiora he matū whakaputa mai i ngā huakita, ngā rewena, me ngā harore. Ko te nuinga o ēnei momo hua ka tātarihia mai i ngā roto, oneone, taiao moana rānei kua poke i te hinu.

2. Te Hanganga o ngā Biosurfactants

I tēnei wā, e rua ngā tikanga matua e taea ai te whakaputa i ngā biosurfactants: te whakapūtanga microbial me te hanga enzymatic.

I roto i te whakapūkara, ko te momo me te hua o ngā matū koiora e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo o te moroiti, tōna wāhanga tipu, te āhua o te papa waro, te kukū o te N, P, me ngā katote konganuku (pērā i te Mg²⁺ me te Fe²⁺) i roto i te reo whakatipu, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga whakatipu (pH, pāmahana, tere whakaoho, me ētahi atu). Ko ngā painga o te whakapūkara ko te iti o ngā utu whakaputa, te kanorau o ngā hua, me ngā tukanga māmā, e pai ai mō te whakaputa ahumahi nui. Heoi, ka nui pea ngā utu mō te wehenga me te purenga.

He rerekē, he maha ngā hanganga ngota māmā ake o ngā matū horoi i hangaia mā te whākōkī engari he rite tonu te pai o te mahi mata. Ko ngā painga o te huarahi whākōkī ko te iti o ngā utu tango, te ngāwari o te whakarerekētanga hanganga, te purenga māmā, me te whakamahinga anō o ngā whākōkī kua kore e neke. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi i hangaia mā te whākōkī hei whakaputa hua nui-uara tāpiri, pērā i ngā wāhanga rongoā. Ahakoa he nui ngā utu whākōkī i tēnei wā, e tumanakohia ana ka whakaitihia ngā whakapaunga whakaputa e ngā whanaketanga ira hei whakarei ake i te pumau me te mahi whākōkī.