Ko ngā amine momona e pā ana ki tētahi kāwai whānui o ngā pūhui amine waro me te roa o te mekameka waro mai i te C8 ki te C22. Pērā i ngā amine whānui, ka whakarōpūtia kia whā ngā momo matua: ngā amine tuatahi, ngā amine tuarua, ngā amine tuatoru, me ngā polyamine. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā amine tuatahi, tuarua, me te tuatoru e whakawhirinaki ana ki te maha o ngā ngota hauwai i roto i te haukini kua whakakapia e ngā rōpū alkyl.
He matū waro ngā amine ngako i ahu mai i te haukini. He wairewa ngā amine ngako mekameka-poto (C8-10) i roto i te wai, engari ko ngā amine ngako mekameka-roa kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, kei roto hei wai, hei totoka rānei i te pāmahana rūma. He āhuatanga taketake ō rātou, ā, hei pūtake waro, ka taea te whakararuraru me te waikura i te kiri me ngā kiriuhi mucous.
I te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai mā te tauhohenga o ngā waipiro ngako ki te dimethylamine hei whakaputa i ngā monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines, te tauhohenga o ngā waipiro ngako ki te monomethylamine hei whakaputa i ngā dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, me te tauhohenga o ngā waipiro ngako ki te haukini hei whakaputa i ngā trialkyl tertiary amines.
Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te tauhohenga o ngā waikawa ngako me te haukini hei whakaputa i ngā nitrile ngako, ka whakahauwaitia kia puta ai he amine ngako tuatahi, tuarua rānei. Ka pāngia ēnei amine tuatahi, tuarua rānei e te hauwaitimetilasi hei hanga i ngā amine tuatoru. Whai muri i te cyanoethylation me te hauwaitilasi, ka taea te huri i ngā amine tuatahi hei diamine. Ka pāngia anō ngā diamine e te cyanoethylation me te hauwaitilasi hei whakaputa i ngā triamine, ka taea te huri hei tetramine mā te cyanoethylation me te hauwaitilasi tāpiri.
Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Amine Ngako
Ka whakamahia ngā amine tuatahi hei aukati waikura, hei hinu whakahinuhinu, hei kaihoko tuku pokepokea ai, hei tāpiri hinu, hei tāpiri tukatuka tae, hei whakamātotoru, hei kaihoko mākū, hei pehi puehu tongi, hei tāpiri hinu miihini, hei kaihoko ārai-whakakopa tongi, hei kaihoko whakapūkara, hei kaihoko whakapūngoi, hei hinu taputapu, hei kaihoko wai-ātete, hei tāpiri ārai-wai, hei whakapūhui ware pi, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā amine tuatahi waro-nui kua kukūhia, pērā i te octadecylamine, ka mahi hei kaiwhakaputa pokepoke mō ngā pahuka rapa mārō me te polyurethane. Ka whakamahia te Dodecylamine i roto i te whakahoutanga o ngā rapa tūturu me ngā rapa hangai, hei matū horoi i roto i ngā otinga whakakikorua tine matū, me te whakaiti i te isomaltose hei whakaputa i ngā hua o te malt. Ka whakamahia te Oleylamine hei tāpiri wahie tīhiera.
Te Hanganga o ngā Surfactants Cationic
He mahi ngā amine tuatahi me ō rātou tote hei kaiārahi whakamānutanga konganuku whai hua, hei kaiārahi ārai-whakakoi mō ngā maniua, hei kaiārahi ārai-wai pepa, hei kaiārahi aukati waikura, hei tāpiri hinu whakahinuhinu, hei kaiārahi koiora i roto i te umanga hinu, hei tāpiri mō ngā wahie me te penehīni, hei kaiārahi horoi hiko, hei kaiārahi whakapūkara, hei hanga uku whakarewa me ngā tāpiri tukatuka tae. Ka whakamahia hoki ēnei i roto i te maimoatanga wai me te hanga hei kaiārahi whakapūkara. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā amine tuatahi hei hanga i ngā kaiārahi whakapūkara momo tote ammonia quaternary, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanganga me te tiaki i ngā rori kounga teitei, e whakaiti ana i te kaha o te mahi me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te papa.
Te Hanganga o ngā Surfactants Kore-ionic
Ko ngā tāpiringa o ngā amine tuatahi ngako me te ethylene oxide e whakamahia nuitia ana hei ārai-pūmau i roto i te umanga kirihou. Nā te mea kāore e wairewa ngā amine ethoxylated i roto i ngā kirihou, ka heke ki te mata, ka mimiti i te makuku o te hau, ka waiho te mata kirihou hei ārai-pūmau.
Te Hanganga o ngā Surfactants Amphoteric
Ka tauhohe te Dodecylamine ki te methyl acrylate, ka pāngia e te saponification me te neutralization kia puta ai te N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ēnei surfactants ko ō rātou wairewa mārama, mārama rānei, he wairewa teitei ki te wai, ki te etanoru rānei, he pirau koiora, he ātete ki te wai mārō, he iti te riri o te kiri, me te iti o te paitini. Kei roto i ngā tono ko ngā kaihoko pahuka, ngā emulsifier, ngā aukati waikura, ngā hopi horoi wai, ngā shampoo, ngā whakangawari makawe, ngā whakangawari, me ngā kaihoko antistatic.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 20-2025