Kodi demulsifier ya mafuta imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Njira ya zinthu zopanda pakezochotsera mafutaKutengera chiphunzitso cha kusintha kwa gawo la inversion-reverse. Pambuyo powonjezera demulsifier, kusintha kwa gawo kumachitika, ndikupanga ma surfactants omwe amapanga mtundu wosiyana wa emulsion ndi womwe umapangidwa ndi emulsifier (reverse demulsifier). Ma demulsifier awa amalumikizana ndi ma emulsifiers a hydrophobic kuti apange ma complexes, motero amaletsa mphamvu za emulsifying. Njira ina ndi kuphulika kwa filimu ya interfacial kudzera mu kugundana. Pa kutentha kapena kugwedezeka, ma demulsifiers nthawi zambiri amagundana ndi filimu ya interfacial ya emulsion—kaya imamatirira pa iyo kapena kusuntha mamolekyu ena a surfactant—zomwe zimasokoneza filimuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti flocculation, coalescence, komanso demulsification ichitike.

 

Mafuta osaphikidwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanga ndi kuyeretsa mafuta. Mafuta ambiri osaphikidwa padziko lonse lapansi amapangidwa ngati mafuta osaphikidwa. Mafuta osaphikidwa amakhala ndi madzi osachepera awiri osasakanikirana, pomwe amodzi amamwazika ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono kwambiri (pafupifupi 1 mm m'mimba mwake) omwe amapachikidwa mu inayo.

 

Kawirikawiri, chimodzi mwa zakumwazi ndi madzi, ndipo china ndi mafuta. Mafutawo amatha kusungunuka bwino m'madzi, ndikupanga emulsion ya mafuta-mu-madzi (O/W), pomwe madzi ndi gawo lopitirira ndipo mafuta ndi gawo lofalikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mafuta ndi gawo lopitirira ndipo madzi asungunuka, amapanga emulsion ya madzi-mu-mafuta (W/O). Ma emulsion ambiri a mafuta osakonzedwa ndi a mtundu womaliza.

 

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kafukufuku wokhudza njira zochotsera mafuta osakonzedwa wakhala akuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwona mwatsatanetsatane za kuphatikizika kwa madontho a madzi ndi momwe ma demulsifiers amakhudzira rheology ya pakati pa nkhope. Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta za kuyanjana kwa demulsifier ndi emulsion, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wambiri wachitika, palibe lingaliro logwirizana pa njira yochotsera mafuta osakonzedwa.

 

Njira zingapo zovomerezeka kwambiri ndi izi:

1. Kusamuka kwa mamolekyulu: Mamolekyu a demulsifier amalowa m'malo mwa ma emulsifier pamalo olumikizirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti emulsion isakhazikike.

2. Kusintha kwa makwinya: Kafukufuku wa microscopic akuwonetsa kuti ma emulsion a W/O ali ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo zamadzi zolekanitsidwa ndi mphete zamafuta. Pa kutentha, kugwedezeka, ndi ntchito ya demulsifier, zigawozi zimalumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madontho azigwirizana.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa m'nyumba pa makina a emulsion a O/W akusonyeza kuti demulsifier yoyenera iyenera kukwaniritsa izi: kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu pamwamba, kunyowa bwino, mphamvu yokwanira yoyandama, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa coalescence.

 

Ma demulsifiers amatha kugawidwa m'magulu kutengera mitundu ya surfactant:

•​Ma demulsifier a Anionic: Amakhala ndi ma carboxylates, ma sulfonates, ndi ma polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Sagwira ntchito bwino, amafunika mlingo waukulu, ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi ma electrolytes.

•​Zochotsa mchere wa cationic: Makamaka mchere wa ammonium wa quaternary, wothandiza pa mafuta opepuka koma wosayenera pa mafuta olemera kapena akale.

•Ma demulsifiers a Nonionic: Akuphatikizapo ma block polyethers omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma amines kapena ma alcohols, ma alkylphenol resin block polyethers, ma phenol-amine resin block polyethers, ma demulsifiers a silicone, ma ultra-high molecular weight demulsifiers, ma polyphosphates, ma modified block polyethers, ndi ma zwitterionic demulsifiers (monga ma imidazoline-based crude oil demulsifiers).