Kodi ma biosurfactants ndi chiyani?

Ma biosurfactants ndi ma metabolites opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panthawi ya kagayidwe kawo kamene amalima. Poyerekeza ndi zopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi mankhwala, ma biosurfactants ali ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yapadera, monga kusiyanasiyana kwamapangidwe, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, zochitika zazikulu zamoyo, komanso kukonda chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha zinthu monga kupezeka kwa zinthu zopangira, mtengo, ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a opangira zinthu - kuphatikiza chizolowezi chawo chowononga kwambiri chilengedwe ndikuyika chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu panthawi yopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito - kafukufuku wokhudza biosurfactants wakula kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi pomwe chidziwitso cha chilengedwe ndi thanzi chawonjezeka. Mundawu wakula mwachangu, ndi ma patent ambiri omwe amaperekedwa padziko lonse lapansi kwa ma biosurfactants osiyanasiyana ndi njira zawo zopangira. Ku China, kafukufuku adayang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma biosurfactants pakuthandizira kuchira kwamafuta ndi kukonzanso kwachilengedwe.

1. Mitundu ya Ma Biosurfactants ndi Zopanga Zopanga

1.1 Mitundu ya Biosurfactants

Ma surfactants opangidwa ndi mankhwala nthawi zambiri amawayika kutengera magulu awo a polar, pomwe ma biosurfactants amagawidwa malinga ndi momwe amapangidwira komanso ma microorganisms omwe amapanga. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mitundu isanu: glycolipids, phospholipids ndi mafuta acids, lipopeptides ndi lipoproteins, ma polymeric surfactants, ndi ma surfactants apadera.

1.2 Kupanga Mitundu ya Ma Biosurfactants

Ma biosurfactants ambiri ndi ma metabolites a mabakiteriya, yisiti, ndi bowa. Mitundu yotulutsayi imawunikiridwa makamaka kunyanja zomwe zili ndi mafuta, dothi, kapena malo am'madzi.

2.Kupanga kwa Biosurfactants

Pakadali pano, ma biosurfactants atha kupangidwa kudzera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: kuwira kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi kaphatikizidwe ka enzymatic.

Mu fermentation, mtundu ndi zokolola za biosurfactants zimadalira makamaka kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kukula kwake, mtundu wa gawo lapansi la kaboni, kuchuluka kwa N, P, ndi ayoni achitsulo (monga Mg²⁺ ndi Fe²⁺) mu chikhalidwe cha sing'anga, komanso kulima (pH, kutentha, ndi zina). Ubwino wa fermentation umaphatikizapo kutsika mtengo kwa kupanga, kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu, ndi njira zosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kupanga mafakitale akuluakulu. Komabe, mtengo wolekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa ukhoza kukhala wokwera.

Mosiyana ndi izi, ma enzymatics synthesized surfactants nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta a mamolekyu koma amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri. Ubwino wa njira ya enzymatic ndi monga kutsika mtengo kwa m'zigawo, kumasuka kwa kusintha kwa kamangidwe, kuyeretsedwa kolunjika, ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma enzyme osasunthika. Kuphatikiza apo, ma surfactants opangidwa ndi enzymatic atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zamtengo wapatali, monga zida zamankhwala. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa ma enzyme ndi wokwera kwambiri, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wama genetic kuti kulimbikitse kukhazikika kwa ma enzyme ndi ntchito zikuyembekezeka kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.