Kodi mafuta a amine ndi chiyani, ndipo ntchito zawo ndi ziti

Mafuta a amine amatanthawuza gulu lalikulu la mankhwala a organic amine okhala ndi utali wa kaboni kuyambira C8 mpaka C22. Mofanana ndi ma amines ambiri, amagawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu: ma amines oyambirira, ma amine achiwiri, ma amine apamwamba, ndi polyamines. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma amine a pulayimale, achiwiri, ndi apamwamba kumadalira kuchuluka kwa maatomu a haidrojeni mu ammonia omwe amalowetsedwa ndi magulu a alkyl.

Mafuta a mines ndi opangidwa kuchokera ku ammonia. Short-chain fatty amines (C8-10) amawonetsa kusungunuka kwina m'madzi, pomwe ma amines otalikirapo nthawi zambiri sasungunuka m'madzi ndipo amakhala ngati zamadzimadzi kapena zolimba kutentha kozizira. Amakhala ndi zinthu zoyambira ndipo, monga maziko achilengedwe, amatha kukwiyitsa ndikuwononga khungu ndi mucous nembanemba.

Amapangidwa makamaka chifukwa cha zomwe mafuta oledzeretsa ali ndi dimethylamine kuti apereke monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines, momwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa zokhala ndi monomethylamine kupanga ma dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, komanso momwe ma alcohols amafuta ndi ammonia amapanga ma amines apamwamba kwambiri.

Njirayi imayamba ndi zomwe mafuta acids ndi ammonia amapanga mafuta a nitriles, omwe amapangidwa ndi hydrogenated kuti apereke ma amines oyambirira kapena achiwiri. Ma amine oyambira kapena achiwiriwa amakumana ndi hydrogendimethylation kupanga ma amine apamwamba. Amines oyambirira, pambuyo pa cyanoethylation ndi hydrogenation, akhoza kusinthidwa kukhala ma diamines. Ma Diamines amapitilira cyanoethylation ndi hydrogenation kuti apange triamines, yomwe imatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma tetramines kudzera mu cyanoethylation ndi hydrogenation yowonjezera.

Ntchito za Fatty Amines

Amines pulayimale ntchito ngati dzimbiri zoletsa, lubricants, nkhungu kumasula wothandizila, mafuta zina, pigment processing zina, thickeners, wothandizila kunyowetsa, feteleza fumbi suppressants, injini mafuta zina, feteleza odana ndi caking wothandizila, akamaumba, wothandizila flotation, lubricant zida, wothandizila hydrophobic, zoletsa madzi ndi zina zowonjezera.

Ma amine apamwamba a carbon high-carbon, monga octadecylamine, amagwira ntchito ngati nkhungu zotulutsa mphira wolimba ndi thovu la polyurethane. Dodecylamine amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanganso mphira wachilengedwe komanso wopangira, monga surfactant mu tin-plating solutions, komanso pochepetsa amination ya isomaltose kuti apange zotumphukira za malt. Oleylamine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chamafuta a dizilo.

Kupanga kwa Cationic Surfactants

Ma amines oyambira ndi mchere wawo amagwira ntchito ngati ma ore flotation agents, anti-caking agents a feteleza kapena zophulika, mapepala otchingira madzi, ma corrosion inhibitors, zoletsa zothira mafuta, biocides m'makampani amafuta, zowonjezera pamafuta ndi mafuta, zida zoyeretsera zamagetsi, ma emulsifiers, komanso kupanga ma organometal clasp. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyeretsa madzi komanso ngati zoumba. Ma amine a pulayimale atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange ma emulsifiers amchere amtundu wa quaternary ammonium ammonium, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kukonza misewu yapamwamba, kuchepetsa kulimbikira kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso kukulitsa moyo wapanjira.

Kupanga kwa Nonionic Surfactants

Zowonjezera zamafuta oyambira amines okhala ndi ethylene oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati antistatic agents mumakampani apulasitiki. Ma amine opangidwa ndi ethoxylated, pokhala osasungunuka m'mapulasitiki, amasamukira kumtunda, kumene amayamwa chinyontho cha mumlengalenga, kumapangitsa pulasitiki pamwamba kukhala antistatic.

Kupanga kwa Amphoteric Surfactants

Dodecylamine imakhudzidwa ndi methyl acrylate ndipo imalowa saponification ndi neutralization kuti ipereke N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Ma surfactants awa amadziwika ndi njira zawo zamadzi zowoneka bwino zowala kapena zopanda mtundu, kusungunuka kwakukulu m'madzi kapena Mowa, kusungunuka kwamadzi, kulekerera kwamadzi olimba, kupsa mtima pang'ono, komanso kawopsedwe kakang'ono. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimaphatikizapo thovu, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, zotsukira zamadzimadzi, ma shampoos, zotsitsira tsitsi, zofewa, ndi antistatic agents.