Ma amine amafuta amatanthauza gulu lalikulu la ma amine achilengedwe okhala ndi kutalika kwa unyolo wa kaboni kuyambira C8 mpaka C22. Monga ma amine wamba, amagawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu: ma amine oyambira, ma amine achiwiri, ma amine achitatu, ndi ma polyamine. Kusiyana pakati pa ma amine oyambira, achiwiri, ndi atatu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ma atomu a haidrojeni mu ammonia omwe amalowetsedwa m'malo ndi magulu a alkyl.
Ma amine amafuta ndi zinthu zochokera ku ammonia. Ma amine amafuta afupiafupi (C8-10) amasungunuka m'madzi, pomwe ma amine amafuta afupiafupi nthawi zambiri sasungunuka m'madzi ndipo amakhala ngati madzi kapena zinthu zolimba kutentha kwa chipinda. Ali ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndipo, monga maziko achilengedwe, amatha kukwiyitsa ndikuwononga khungu ndi nembanemba ya mucous.
Amapangidwa makamaka kudzera mu momwe ma alcohols onenepa ndi dimethylamine amagwirira ntchito kuti apange ma monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines, momwe ma alcohols onenepa amagwirira ntchito ndi monomethylamine kuti apange ma dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, komanso momwe ma alcohols onenepa amagwirira ntchito ndi ammonia kuti apange ma trialkyl tertiary amines.
Njirayi imayamba ndi momwe mafuta acids ndi ammonia zimagwirira ntchito popanga mafuta a nitrile, omwe kenako amapangidwa ndi hydrogenated kuti apange mafuta amines oyambira kapena achiwiri. Ma amines oyambira kapena achiwiri awa amapangidwa ndi hydrogendimethylation kuti apange ma amines atatu. Ma amines oyambira, pambuyo pa cyanoethylation ndi hydrogenation, amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma diamine. Ma diamines amapangidwanso ndi cyanoethylation ndi hydrogenation kuti apange ma triamines, omwe amatha kusinthidwa kukhala tetramines kudzera mu cyanoethylation yowonjezera ndi hydrogenation.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta A Amines
Ma amine oyambira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoletsa dzimbiri, mafuta odzola, zinthu zotulutsa nkhungu, zowonjezera mafuta, zowonjezera zopangira utoto, zokhuthala, zinthu zonyowetsa, zinthu zoletsa fumbi la feteleza, zowonjezera mafuta a injini, zinthu zoletsa kukhetsa feteleza, zinthu zomangira, zinthu zoyandama, zinthu zodzoladzola zamagetsi, zinthu zoteteza madzi, zinthu zoteteza madzi, zinthu zoteteza ku mabakiteriya, ndi zina zambiri.
Ma amine oyambira okhala ndi mpweya wambiri, monga octadecylamine, amagwira ntchito ngati zotulutsira nkhungu pa thovu la rabara lolimba ndi polyurethane. Dodecylamine imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso ma rabara achilengedwe ndi opangidwa, ngati surfactant mu njira zopangira ma tin-plating, komanso mu reductive amination ya isomaltose kuti ipange malt derivatives. Oleylamine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha mafuta a dizilo.
Kupanga kwa Cationic Surfactants
Ma amine oyambira ndi mchere wawo amagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zothandiza pakuyandama kwa miyala, zinthu zoletsa kuyika kwa feteleza kapena zinthu zophulika, zinthu zoletsa madzi papepala, zinthu zoletsa dzimbiri, zinthu zowonjezera mafuta, zinthu zophera tizilombo m'makampani opanga mafuta, zinthu zowonjezera mafuta ndi mafuta, zinthu zoyeretsera zamagetsi, zinthu zoyeretsera, komanso popanga dothi la organometallic ndi zinthu zina zopangira utoto. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyeretsa madzi komanso ngati zinthu zoumba. Ma amine oyambira angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zoyeretsera asphalt zamtundu wa quaternary ammonium salt-type asphalt, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kukonza misewu yapamwamba, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito komanso kukulitsa moyo wa pamsewu.
Kupanga kwa Nonionic Surfactants
Ma adducts a ma amine oyambira mafuta okhala ndi ethylene oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zinthu zotsutsana ndi static mumakampani opanga mapulasitiki. Ma amine osungunuka, omwe sasungunuka m'mapulasitiki, amasamukira pamwamba, komwe amayamwa chinyezi cha mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa pulasitiki pakhale antistatic.
Kupanga kwa Amphoteric Surfactants
Dodecylamine imakumana ndi methyl acrylate ndipo imalowa mu saponification ndi neutralization kuti ipange N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Ma surfactants awa amadziwika ndi madzi omwe amawapaka utoto wopepuka kapena wopanda mtundu, kusungunuka kwambiri m'madzi kapena ethanol, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, kupirira madzi olimba, kukwiya pang'ono pakhungu, komanso poizoni wochepa. Ntchito zake zimaphatikizapo zinthu zotulutsa thovu, zosakaniza, zoletsa dzimbiri, zotsukira madzi, shampu, zodzola tsitsi, zofewetsa tsitsi, ndi zinthu zoletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-20-2025