Kukula kwa zinthu zopanga ma surfactants padziko lonse lapansi kumapereka malo abwino akunja kuti pakhale chitukuko ndi kufalikira kwa makampani opanga zodzoladzola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu pa kapangidwe ka zinthu, mitundu, magwiridwe antchito, ndi ukadaulo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zopanga ma surfactants zomwe ndi zotetezeka, zofewa, zosavuta kuwonongeka, komanso zokhala ndi ntchito zapadera, motero zimakhazikitsa maziko ophunzirira popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano. Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa popanga zinthu zopanga ma surfactants zochokera ku glycoside, komanso kusinthasintha zinthu zopanga ma surfactants a polyol ndi mowa; kuchita kafukufuku wokhazikika pa zinthu zopanga ma surfactants zochokera ku soya phospholipid; kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sucrose fatty acid ester; kulimbikitsa maphunziro paukadaulo wophatikiza; ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zilipo.
Chochitika chomwe zinthu zosasungunuka m'madzi zimasakanikirana mofanana m'madzi kuti zipange emulsion chimatchedwa emulsification. Mu zodzoladzola, ma emulsifier amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mafuta ndi mafuta odzola. Mitundu yodziwika bwino monga ufa wothira mafuta ndi "Zhongxing" vanishing cream ndi ma emulsion a O/W (mafuta-mu-madzi), omwe amatha kusakanikirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma emulsifier a anionic monga sopo wamafuta acid. Kusakaniza ndi sopo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza ma emulsion okhala ndi mafuta ochepa, ndipo zotsatira za sopo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu. Pa mafuta ozizira okhala ndi gawo lalikulu la mafuta, ma emulsion ambiri amakhala amtundu wa W/O (madzi-mu-mafuta), omwe lanolin yachilengedwe—yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yolimba yoyamwa madzi komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu—ingasankhidwe ngati emulsifier. Pakadali pano, ma emulsifier osakhala a ionic ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo komanso kukwiya kochepa.
Chochitika chomwe kusungunuka kwa zinthu zosungunuka pang'ono kapena zosasungunuka kumawonjezeka chimatchedwa kusungunuka. Pamene ma surfactants awonjezeredwa m'madzi, mphamvu ya pamwamba pa madzi imatsika kwambiri poyamba, pambuyo pake magulu a mamolekyu a surfactant otchedwa micelles amayamba kupanga. Kuchuluka kwa surfactant komwe kumachitika micelle kumatchedwa critical micelle concentration (CMC). Kuchuluka kwa surfactant kukafika pa CMC, ma micelles amatha kugwira mafuta kapena tinthu tolimba kumapeto kwa mamolekyu awo, motero kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa zinthu zosasungunuka bwino kapena zosasungunuka.
Mu zodzoladzola, zosungunula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma toner, mafuta a tsitsi, ndi zokonzekera kukula ndi kukonza tsitsi. Popeza zosakaniza zodzoladzola zamafuta—monga zonunkhira, mafuta, ndi mavitamini osungunuka ndi mafuta—zimasiyana kapangidwe ndi polarity, njira zawo zosungunula zimasiyananso; motero, ma surfactants oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa ngati zosungunula. Mwachitsanzo, popeza ma toner amasungunula zonunkhira, mafuta, ndi mankhwala, ma alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers angagwiritsidwe ntchito pachifukwa ichi. Ngakhale kuti alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (OP-type, TX-type) ali ndi mphamvu yosungunula kwambiri, amakwiyitsa maso ndipo motero nthawi zambiri amapewedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, amphoteric derivatives yochokera ku mafuta a castor imasungunula bwino mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta a masamba, ndipo popeza siikwiyitsa maso, ndi yoyenera kukonza ma shampu ofatsa ndi zodzoladzola zina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-05-2025