Gukoresha surfactants mu gukora peteroli

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaibikoresho by'ubwubatsimu ikorwa rya peteroli

1. Imiti ikoreshwa mu gucukura peteroli nini

Bitewe n’ubucukuzi bwinshi n’amazi make y’amavuta akomeye, bitera ingorane nyinshi mu bucukuzi. Kugira ngo ayo mavuta aremereye acukurwe, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa gutera umuti w’amazi wa surfactant downhole kugira ngo uhindure amavuta akomeye afite ubukana bwinshi mu emulsion y’amavuta make mu mazi hanyuma uyakure hejuru. Surfactants zikoreshwa muri ubu buryo bwo gukusanya no kugabanya ubukana bw’amavuta menshi zirimo sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl alcohol ether sulfate sodium salt, nibindi. Emulsion y’amavuta mu mazi ikorwa igomba gutandukanya amazi no gukoresha surfactants zimwe na zimwe nk’izikuraho amazi. Izi demulsifiers ni emulsifiers z’amazi mu mavuta. Izikoreshwa cyane ni surfactants za cationic cyangwa aside naphthenic, aside asphaltonic n’imyunyungugu yazo ya metal multivalent.

Amavuta akomeye adasanzwe ntashobora gucukurwa n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kuvoma kandi bisaba gutera umwuka kugira ngo ubushyuhe bugaruke. Kugira ngo hongerwe ingaruka zo kugarura ubushyuhe, hagomba gukoreshwa imiti igabanya ubushyuhe. Gutera ifuro mu mwobo utera umwuka, ni ukuvuga gutera ifuro rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na gaze idakonjesha, ni bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu guhindura ubushyuhe.

Ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa mu gufuro ni alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, peteroli sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers na sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, nibindi. Kubera ko surfactants zifite fluorine zigira imikorere myinshi ku buso kandi zikaba zihamye kuri aside, alkali, ogisijeni, ubushyuhe n'amavuta, ni ibintu byiza cyane bitanga ifuro ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Kugira ngo amavuta yatatanye anyure mu mwobo w'aho akorera byoroshye, cyangwa kugira ngo amavuta ari ku buso bw'aho akorera byoroshye gusohoka, ni ngombwa gukoresha surfactant yitwa film diffusing agent. Ikoreshwa cyane ni oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surface activity. agent.

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1. Imiti ikoreshwa mu gucukura amavuta y'ubutare ya wax

Gukoresha amavuta y’ibishishwa nk’ibishishwa bisaba gukumira ibishishwa kenshi no gukuraho ibishishwa. Ibishishwa nk’ibishishwa bigabanya ibishishwa n’ibishishwa bikuraho ibishishwa. Hari ibishishwa bishonga mu mavuta n’ibishishwa bishonga mu mazi bikoreshwa mu kurwanya ibishishwa. Iya mbere igira uruhare mu kurwanya ibishishwa mu guhindura imiterere y’ubuso bwa kristu y’ibishishwa. Ibishishwa bishonga mu mavuta bikunze gukoreshwa ni sulfonates za peteroli na amini surfactants. Ibishishwa bishonga mu mazi bigira uruhare mu kurwanya ibishishwa mu guhindura imiterere y’ubuso bukozwe mu bishishwa (nk’imiyoboro y’amavuta, inkoni zo gusukura n’ubuso bw’ibikoresho). Ibishishwa birimo sodium alkyl sulfonates, umunyu wa quaternary ammonium, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers n’umunyu wa sodium sulfonates, nibindi. Ibishishwa bikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibishishwa nabyo bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri. Ibikoresho bishonga mu mavuta bikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibishashara bishingiye ku mavuta, n'ibikoreshwa mu gukurura sulfonate mu mazi, umunyu wa quaternary ammonium, ubwoko bwa polyether, ubwoko bwa Tween, ibikoreshwa mu gushonga mu mazi bishingiye kuri OP, ubwoko bwa sulfate cyangwa sulfo-alkylated flat-type na OP-type.isafuriyas zikoreshwa mu gukuraho ishashi ishingiye ku mazi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ishashi yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga yahujwe mu buryo bw'umwimerere, kandi ishashi ishingiye ku mavuta n'ishashi ishingiye ku mazi byahujwe mu buryo bw'umwimerere kugira ngo bikore ishashi ivanze. Iyi shashi ikoresha hydrocarboni zihumura neza na hydrocarboni zihumura neza nk'igice cy'amavuta, kandi ikoresha emulsifier ifite ingaruka zo gukuraho ishashi nk'igice cy'amazi. Iyo emulsifier yatoranijwe ari surfactant idafite ionic ifite ahantu hakwiye ho gucu, ubushyuhe buri munsi y'igice cyo gukuraho ishashi cy'iriba ry'amavuta bushobora kugera cyangwa bukarenga aho buherereye mu gicu, ku buryo ishashi ivanze ishobora gukuraho ishashi. Emulsification iracika mbere yo kwinjira mu gice cyo gukora ishashi, kandi ibintu bibiri byo gukuraho ishashi biratandukana, bikagira uruhare mu gukuraho ishashi icyarimwe.

3. Surfactantsikoreshwa mu gushimangira ibumba

Ibumba rituje rigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: gukumira kwaguka kw'imyunyu ngugu y'ibumba no gukumira kwimuka kw'uduce tw'imyunyu ngugu y'ibumba. Ibyuma bya Cationic nka amine salt type, quaternary ammonium salt type, pyridinium salt type, na imidazoline salt birashobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira kubyimba kw'ibumba. Ibyuma bya fluorine bidafite ionic-cationic surfactants birahari kugira ngo birinde kwimuka kw'uduce tw'imyunyu ngugu y'ibumba.

4. Surfactantsikoreshwa mu bipimo byo gupima aside

Kugira ngo hongerwe ingaruka zo gukurura aside, muri rusange hongerwamo ibintu bitandukanye mu gisubizo cya aside. Surfactant iyo ari yo yose ijyanye n'igisubizo cya aside kandi ikaba yoroshye kuyivanga n'ikorwa ryayo ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kidakomeza aside. Nk'amavuta amine hydrochloride, umunyu wa quaternary ammonium, umunyu wa pyridine muri surfactants za cationic na sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted cyangwa sulfate ester polyoxyethylene alkanes muri surfactants za amphoteric base phenol ether, n'ibindi. Amwe mu ma surfactants, nka aside dodecyl sulfonic n'umunyu wayo wa alkylamine, ashobora gukurura aside liquid mu mavuta kugira ngo akore emulsion ya aside-in-petroleum. Iyi emulsion ishobora gukoreshwa nk'amazi yo mu nganda afite aside kandi ikagira uruhare mu kudindiza.

Hari imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ishobora gukoreshwa nk'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu bintu bitera aside. Imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ifite amashami nka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether na polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexamine ishobora gukoreshwa nk'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu bintu bitera aside.

Hari imiti ifasha mu gusohora amazi idafite aside. Imiti ifasha mu gusohora amazi irimo umunyu wa amine, umunyu wa quaternary ammonium, umunyu wa pyridinium, umunyu wa nonionic, umunyu wa amphoteric na fluorine.

Hari imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ishobora gukoreshwa nk'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu mubiri, nk'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu mavuta, nka alkylphenols, aside fatty, aside alkylbenzenesulfonique, umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary, n'ibindi. Kubera ko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushonga mu mubiri, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu mubiri ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuyikwirakwiza mu gisubizo cya aside.

Kugira ngo hongerwe ingaruka zo gukurura aside, hakenewe kongerwamo umuti uhindura aside kugira ngo hakosorwe ubushuhe bw'ahantu hafi y'aho hagera ubushuhe buva kuri lipophilic bujya kuri hydrophilic. Uruvange rwa polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers na phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers ziterwa n'irema ryazo kugira ngo zikore urwego rwa gatatu rwo gukurura aside, rugira uruhare mu gukurura no guhindura ubushuhe.

Byongeye kandi, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikoreshwa mu gukora aside y’ifuro, nka amine hydrochloride y’amavuta, umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary cyangwa surfactant idafite ionic-anionic, bikoreshwa nk’ibintu bitanga ifuro mu gukora aside y’ifuro kugira ngo bigere ku ntego yo kugabanya ingese no kwiyongera cyane kw’aside, cyangwa aside ikorwa muri ibi kandi igakoreshwa nk’amazi mbere yo gutera aside. Iyo imaze guterwa mu miterere yayo, umuti wa aside uraterwa. Ingufu za Jamin zikomoka ku dupira turi mu ifuro zishobora guhindura amazi y’ifuro, bigatuma aside y’ifuro ishonga cyane cyane ku gice cyo hasi cy’ubushyuhe, bityo bikanoza ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bw’aside.

5. Imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima imvune

Ingamba zo gucikamo ibice zikunze gukoreshwa mu mirima y’amavuta idafite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza. Zikoresha igitutu kugira ngo zifungure ingirangingo kugira ngo zikore imvune, kandi zigakoresha proppant kugira ngo zishyigikire imvune kugira ngo zigabanye ubudahangarwa bw’amazi no kugera ku ntego yo kongera umusaruro no kwita ku bintu. Amwe mu mazi acikamo ibice akorwa hamwe n’ibintu bikoreshwa mu gucikamo ibice nk'imwe mu bigize ibinyabutabire.

Amavuta yo gushwanyaguza amavuta mu mazi akorwa hakoreshejwe amazi, amavuta n'ibindi bigabanya ubushyuhe. Ibigabanya ubushyuhe bikoreshwa ni ibya surfactants bya ionic, nonionic na amphoteric. Iyo amazi akomeye akoreshejwe nk'igice cyo hanze kandi amavuta agakoreshwa nk'igice cyo imbere, hashobora gutegurwa amazi akomeye yo gushwanyaguza amavuta mu mazi (polymer emulsion). Aya mazi yo gushwanyaguza ashobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 160°C kandi ashobora guca burundu emulsions no gusohora amazi.

Amazi yo gushwanyaguza ifuro ni amazi yo gushwanyaguza akoresha amazi nk'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza na gaze nk'uburyo bwo gushwanyaguza. Ibice byayo by'ingenzi ni amazi, gaze n'ibikoresho byo gushwanyaguza ifuro. Alkili sulfonates, alkili benzene sulfonates, umunyu wa alkyl sulfate ester, umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary na surfactants za OP byose bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gushwanyaguza ifuro. Ubusanzwe ingano y'ibikoresho byo gushwanyaguza ifuro mu mazi ni 0.5-2%, kandi igipimo cy'ingano y'ingufu ku ngano y'ifuro kiri hagati ya 0.5-0.9.

Amavuta yo gushwanyaguza ashingiye ku mavuta ni amazi yo gushwanyaguza yakozwe mu mavuta nk'umusemburo cyangwa uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza. Amavuta akoreshwa cyane aho hantu ni amavuta asanzwe cyangwa igice cyayo kinini. Kugira ngo yongere ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bwayo, hagomba kongerwamo sulfonate ya peteroli ishongeshwa mu mavuta (uburemere bwa molekyuli 300-750). Amavuta yo gushwanyaguza ashingiye ku mavuta arimo kandi amazi yo gushwanyaguza mu mavuta n'amazi yo gushwanyaguza ifuro ry'amavuta. Emulsifiers zikoreshwa muri aya ya mbere ni anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants na nonionic surfactants, mu gihe foam stabilizers zikoreshwa muri aya ya nyuma ari polymer surfactants irimo fluorine.

Amazi yo gushwanyagurika akoresha uruvange rwa alcool (nka ethylene glycol) n'amavuta (nka peteroli) nk'uburyo bwo gushwanyagurika, dioxyde de carbone nk'uburyo bwo gushwanyagurika, na ether ya polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ifite umunyu wa sulfate nk'uburyo bwo gushwanyagurika. Cyangwa emulsion cyangwa ifuro byakozwe n'ikintu gitanga ifuro kugira ngo bishwanyagurike bikoresha amazi.

Amazi yo gushwanyagurika akoreshwa mu gushwanyagurika no gukwirakwiza aside ni amazi yo gushwanyagurika n'amazi yo gukwirakwiza aside. Akoreshwa mu miterere ya karubone, kandi ibi bipimo byombi bikorwa icyarimwe. Bijyanye n'ibintu bikoreshwa mu gushwanyagurika ni ifuro rya aside na emulsion ya aside. Iya mbere ikoresha alkyl sulfonate cyangwa alkyl benzene sulfonate nk'ikintu gitanga ifuro, naho iya kabiri ikoresha surfactant ya sulfonate nk'ikintu gitanga ifuro. Kimwe n'amazi atuma aside irushaho kuba aside, amazi yo gushwanyagurika nayo akoresha surfactants nk'ibintu birwanya emulsifier, bifasha mu gusohora amazi n'ibintu bihindura amazi, ibyo bitazavugwaho hano.

6. Koresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu kugenzura imiterere y'amazi no kuyafunga

Kugira ngo hongerwe ingaruka zo gutera amazi no kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ni ngombwa guhindura imiterere y’amazi ku mariba y’amazi no kongera umusaruro binyuze mu kuziba amazi ku mariba y’amazi. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugenzura imiterere y’amazi no kuyafunga akenshi bukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu kuyungurura amazi.

Umuti ugenzura imiterere ya gel ya HPC/SDS ugizwe na hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) na sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mu mazi meza.

Sodium alkyl sulfonate na alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride bishongeshwa mu mazi kugira ngo bitegure ibinyobwa bibiri bikora, bigashyirwa mu buryo bumwe nyuma y’ubundi. Ibinyobwa bibiri bikora bikorana mu buryo bumwe kugira ngo bikore alkyl trimethylamine. Sulfite itera kandi igahagarika urwego rwo hejuru rw’amazi.

Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, nibindi bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibintu bitanga ifuro, bigashonga mu mazi kugira ngo bitegure amazi akora, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu buryo bunyuranye n'amazi akora dioxyde de carbone, mu buryo busanzwe (cyane cyane hejuru). Urwego rushobora kwinjiramo) rukora ifuro, rugafunga, kandi rukagira uruhare mu kugenzura imiterere y'amazi.

Hakoreshejwe quaternary ammonium surfactant nk'ikintu gitanga ifuro gishongeshejwe mu sol ya aside silicike igizwe na ammonium sulfate n'ikirahure cy'amazi hanyuma igashyirwa mu ruganda, hanyuma hagashyirwamo gaze idakonjesha (gaze karemano cyangwa chlorine), imiterere ishingiye ku mazi ishobora kubanza gukorwa mu ruganda. Ifuro riri mu rundi ruhande rw'uruvange, rikurikirwa no gukurura sol ya aside silicike, rikora ifuro rifite imbaraga nk'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza, rigira uruhare mu gufunga urwego rwo hejuru rw'uruvange no kugenzura imiterere.

Hakoreshejwe imiti ya sulfonate nk'ibintu bitera ifuro n'imiti ya polymer nk'ibintu bikomeza ifuro, hanyuma bigatera umwuka cyangwa ibintu bitera gazi, ifuro rishingiye ku mazi rikorwa hasi cyangwa mu gihe cyo kurema. Iyi furo ikora ku buso bw'amavuta. Ingano nini y'imiti yimukira ku gice cy'amazi hagati y'amavuta n'amazi, bigatuma ifuro risenyuka, bityo ntiriziba urwego rw'amavuta. Ni imiti itoranya kandi ibuza amazi mu iriba ry'amavuta.

Sima ikoresha amavuta ibuza amazi ni sima ishyirwa mu mavuta. Ubuso bwa sima burahindagurika. Iyo yinjiye mu gice gitanga amazi, amazi asimbura aho amazi ahurira n’amazi n’isima iri ku buso bwa sima, bigatuma sima ikomera kandi igafunga igice gitanga amazi. Kugira ngo iyi sima irusheho kugenda neza, hakunze kongerwamo ibintu bigabanya amazi nka carboxylate na sulfonate surfactants.

Umuti ufunga amazi ushingiye ku mazi ugizwe ahanini na ammonium sulfonate, hidrokaboni na alkoholi. Urimo amazi menshi y’umunyu kandi ukagira ubukana bwo kugabanya amazi kugira ngo ugere ku ngaruka zo kugabanya amazi.

Umuti ugabanya amazi ushingiye ku mazi cyangwa amavuta ushingiye ku munyu wa alkyl carboxylate na alkyl ammonium chloride, kandi ukwiriye gusa mu miterere y'amabuye y'umucanga.

Ikoreshwa mu kuziba amazi mu mavuta akomeye ni ubwoko bw'amavuta akomeye ashongeshejwe n'imashini igabanya amazi mu mavuta. Ikora imashini igabanya amazi mu mavuta cyane nyuma yo gukurwamo amazi kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo kuziba amazi.

Umuti ubuza amazi mu mazi ukorwa hakoreshejwe amavuta menshi mu mazi hakoreshejwe cationic surfactant nk'umuti ufasha mu mazi mu mazi.

7. Koresha imiti ikoreshwa mu kugenzura umucanga

Mbere yo kugenzura umucanga, amazi runaka yakozwe hamwe n’ibinyabutabire bigomba guterwa nk’amazi mbere yo gusukura imiterere yawo kugira ngo kunoze ingaruka zo kugenzura umucanga. Muri iki gihe, ibinyabutabire bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ibinyabutabire bikomoka ku bimera.

8. Surfactant yo kugabanya amazi mu mavuta mabi

Mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri cyo kugarura amavuta, ibikoresho byo gukuramo amavuta mu mazi bikunze gukoreshwa kuri peteroli isanzwe ikurwamo. Hakozwe ibisekuru bitatu by'ibicuruzwa. Icyiciro cya mbere ni carboxylate, sulfate na sulfonate. Icyiciro cya kabiri ni surfactants nkeya zidafite molekile nka OP, Pingpingjia na peteroli ya castor ifite sulfonate. Icyiciro cya gatatu ni surfactant ya polymer nonionic.

Mu ntambwe za nyuma zo kugarura amavuta ya kabiri no kugarura amavuta ya gatatu, amavuta yakuwemo aboneka ahanini mu buryo bwa emulsion y'amavuta mu mazi. Hari ubwoko bune bwa demulsifiers bukoreshwa, nka tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride na didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Ashobora gukorana na emulsifiers za anionic kugira ngo ahindure agaciro kayo k'amavuta ya hydrophilic, cyangwa Akongerwa ku buso bw'uduce tw'ibumba dutose mu mazi, agahindura ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kumena no kwangiza emulsions z'amavuta mu mazi. Byongeye kandi, zimwe mu surfactants za anionic na surfactants zishongesha amavuta zishobora gukoreshwa nk'emulsifiers z'amazi mu mazi nazo zishobora gukoreshwa nk'emulsifiers z'amavuta mu mazi.

1. Imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura amazi

Nyuma y'uko amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibinogo by'amavuta atandukanijwe n'amavuta yanduye, amazi akozwe agomba gusukurwa kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa byo kongera kuyashyiramo. Hariho intego esheshatu zo gutunganya amazi, ari zo gukumira ingese, gukumira ibinini, gusukura, gukuraho ogisijeni, gukuraho amavuta no gukuraho ibintu bikomeye bihagaze. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukoresha imiti igabanya ingese, imiti irwanya ubwinshi bw'amavuta, imiti yica bagiteri, imiti ikuraho ogisijeni, imiti ikuraho ubwinshi bw'amavuta na flocculants, nibindi. Ibi bikurikira bireba imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda:

Imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda ikoreshwa mu gukumira ingese irimo umunyu wa aside ya alkyl sulfonic, aside ya benzene sulfonic, aside ya perfluoroalkyl sulfonic, umunyu wa alkyl amine ugororotse, umunyu wa quaternary ammonium, n'umunyu wa alkyl pyridine. , umunyu wa imidazoline n'ibikomoka kuri yo, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine na polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonate, umunyu utandukanye wa quaternary ammonium internal, umunyu wa di(polyoxyethylene)alkyl internal n'ibikomoka kuri byo.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu kurwanya imyuka irimo umunyu wa fosfeti ester, umunyu wa sulfate ester, acetates, carboxylates n'ibinyabutabire bya polyoxyethylene. Ubushyuhe bw'umunyu wa sulfoni ester n'umunyu wa carboxylate burushaho kuba bwiza kurusha umunyu wa fosfeti ester n'umunyu wa sulfate ester.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda ikoreshwa mu miti irwanya udukoko irimo umunyu wa alkylamine ugororotse, umunyu wa ammonium uvanze na quaternary, umunyu wa alkylpyridinium, umunyu wa imidazoline n'ibikomoka kuri yo, umunyu utandukanye wa ammonium uvanze na quaternary, di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl n'umunyu w'imbere w'ibikomoka kuri yo.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda mu gukurura amavuta ni imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura amavuta ifite amashami menshi hamwe n'amatsinda ya sodium dithiocarboxylate.

10. Surfactant yo gukoresha amavuta y'ubutabire mu mazi

Gusubiramo amavuta y’ibanze n’ay’inyongera bishobora kugarura 25%-50% bya peteroli y’ubutaka, ariko haracyariho peteroli nyinshi ikomeza kuba munsi y’ubutaka kandi idashobora kugaruzwa. Gusubiramo amavuta y’inyongera bishobora kunoza gusubiramo amavuta y’ubutaka. Gusubiramo amavuta y’inyongera ahanini bikoresha uburyo bwa shimi bwo kuzura, ni ukuvuga kongeramo imiti imwe n’imwe mu mazi aterwa kugira ngo amazi arusheho gukora neza. Mu miti ikoreshwa, imwe muri yo irimo imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda. Incamake y’ibyo bintu ni iyi ikurikira:

Uburyo bwo kuzura amavuta hakoreshejwe surfactant nk'ikintu nyamukuru bwitwa surfactant flooding. Surfactants zigira uruhare runini mu kunoza gukira kw'amavuta binyuze mu kugabanya imbaraga hagati y'amavuta n'amazi no kongera umubare w'imitsi. Kubera ko ubuso bw'amabuye y'umucanga bufite ingufu nke, surfactants zikoreshwa ahanini ni anionic surfactants, kandi inyinshi muri zo ni sulfonate surfactants. Ikorwa hakoreshejwe sulfonate agent (nka sulfur trioxide) kugira ngo sulfonate ibice bya peteroli bifite aromatike nyinshi, hanyuma ikabigabanya hifashishijwe alkali. Ibisobanuro byayo: active active 50%-80%, mineral oil 5%-30%, amazi 2%-20%, sodium sulfate 1%-6%. Peteroli sulfate ntabwo irwanya ubushyuhe, umunyu, cyangwa iyoni z'icyuma zihenze cyane. Sulfonate synthetic zikorwa mu hydrocarbons bihuye hakoreshejwe uburyo bujyanye na synthetic. Muri zo, α-olefin sulfonate irwanya cyane umunyu na iyoni z'icyuma zifite valent nyinshi. Izindi surfactants za anionic-nonionic na carboxylate surfactants nazo zishobora gukoreshwa mu kwimura amavuta. Kwimura amavuta ya surfactant bisaba ubwoko bubiri bw'inyongera: imwe ni co-surfactant, nka isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, nibindi, indi ni dielectric, harimo aside na alkali salts, cyane cyane imyunyu, ishobora kugabanya hydrophilicity ya surfactant no kongera lipophilicity, ndetse inahindura agaciro ka hydrophilic-lipophilic balance y'ikintu gikora. Kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cya surfactant no kunoza ingaruka z'ubukungu, surfactant yuzura ikoresha imiti yitwa sacrifice agents. Ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibitanga amavuta birimo alkaline na aside polycarboxylic n'imyunyu yazo. Oligomers na polymers nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibitanga amavuta. Lignosulfonates n'impinduka zazo ni ibitanga amavuta.

Uburyo bwo kwimura amavuta hakoreshejwe ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi byo kwimura amavuta by’imiti bwitwa imyuzure ivanze. Ubu buryo bwo kwimura amavuta bujyanye n’ibintu bikoreshwa mu kwimura amavuta burimo: surfactant na surfactant ya polymer thickened surfactant; surfactant yongerewe imbaraga hamwe na alkali + surfactant cyangwa surfactant yongerewe imbaraga; imyuzure ishingiye ku bintu bivanze hamwe na alkali + surfactant + polymer. Imyuzure ivanze muri rusange ifite ibintu byinshi byo kwiyubaka kurusha rimwe. Dukurikije isesengura ririho ry’iterambere mu gihugu no mu mahanga, imyuzure ivanze ifite ibyiza byinshi kuruta imyuzure ivanze. Ibintu bikoreshwa mu myuzure ivanze ahanini ni peteroli sulfonates, akenshi binakoreshwa hamwe na aside sulfuriki, aside phosphoric na carboxylate za polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, na polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium salts, nibindi kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umunyu. Mu minsi ishize, haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga byashyize imbere ubushakashatsi n'ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire bya biosurfactants, nka rhamnolipide, sophorolipid fermentation broth, nibindi, ndetse na karubokisilate zivanze karemano hamwe na alkali lignin ikora impapuro, nibindi, kandi byageze ku musaruro mwiza mu igeragezwa ryo mu murima no mu nzu. Ingaruka nziza zo kwimura amavuta.