Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bidafite ishingiroibikuraho amavutaishingiye ku gitekerezo cyo guhindura imiterere y’ingirabuzimafatizo mu buryo bwa phase inversion-reverse. Nyuma yo kongeramo demulsifier, habaho ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingirabuzimafatizo, rigatanga surfactants zikora ubwoko butandukanye bwa emulsion n’ubwakozwe na emulsifier (reverse demulsifier). Izi demulsifier zikorana na emulsifiers zidafite imiterere y’amazi kugira ngo zikore complexes, bityo zigahindura imiterere ya emulsifier. Indi nzira ni interfacial film rupture binyuze mu gukubitana. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya cyangwa gukurura, demulsifiers zikunze guhura na interfacial film ya emulsion—haba iyo ziyifashe cyangwa zigashyira ahandi muri molekile zimwe na zimwe za surfactant—ibi bigatuma filime ihungabana, bigatera flocculation, coalescence, ndetse amaherezo demulsification.
Emulsion y'amavuta mabi ikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gukora no gutunganya amavuta. Amavuta menshi ku isi akorwa mu buryo bwa emulsion. Emulsion igizwe nibura n'ibinyobwa bibiri bidahinduka, aho kimwe gitatanywa nk'ibitonyanga bito cyane (hafi mm 1 y'umurambararo) bihagaze mu kindi.
Ubusanzwe, kimwe muri ibi bintu ni amazi, ikindi ni amavuta. Amavuta ashobora gukwirakwizwa neza mu mazi, agahinduka emulsion y'amavuta mu mazi (O/W), aho amazi ari icyiciro gikomeza naho amavuta akaba icyiciro gitatanye. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, niba amavuta ari icyiciro gikomeza kandi amazi agatatanye, akora emulsion y'amazi mu mavuta (W/O). Emulsion nyinshi z'amavuta mabi ziba iz'ubwoko bwa nyuma.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gukuramo amavuta y’ibikomoka ku bimera bwibanze ku byo abantu bareba ku buryo burambuye uburyo amazi ahuza ibintu n’ingaruka za demulsifiers ku miterere y’umubiri. Ariko, bitewe n’uburyo demulsifier ikorana na emulsion, nubwo hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi, nta gitekerezo kimwe kigaragara ku buryo demulsification ikorwa.
Uburyo bwinshi bwemewe na benshi burimo:
1. Guhindura imiterere y'uturemangingo: Uturemangingo twa demulsifier dusimbura uturemangingo twa emulsifier ku gice cy'aho ibintu bihurira, bigatuma emulsion ihungabana.
2. Guhindura iminkanyari: Ubushakashatsi bwa microscope bwerekanye ko emulsions za W/O zifite ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi by'amazi bitandukanyijwe n'impeta z'amavuta. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya, gukurura no gukuramo iminkanyari, ibi bice birahuza, bigatuma amazi ahurirana.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu ku buryo bwa emulsion bwa O/W bugaragaza ko demulsifier nziza igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira: imikorere ikomeye y’ubuso, ubushobozi bwo kumena neza, ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi buhagije, hamwe n’imikorere myiza yo guhuza amazi.
Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa demulsifiers bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa surfactant:
•Imashini zigabanya ubushyuhe mu mubiri (anionic demulsifiers): Zirimo karubokisilate, sulfonates, na polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Ntizikora neza, zikenera doze nyinshi, kandi ntizishobora kwangirika ku bintu bivanze n'amashanyarazi.
•Imashini zigabanya ubushyuhe mu mubiri: Zigizwe ahanini n'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary, zigira akamaro ku mavuta yoroheje ariko ntizikwiriye ku mavuta akomeye cyangwa ashaje.
•Ibikoresho byo gukuramo imyuka bitari iy'ionic: Birimo ibikoresho bya polyether byatangijwe na amine cyangwa alcohols, polyether za alkylphenol resin block, polyether za phenol-amine resin block, ibikoresho byo gukuramo imyuka bishingiye kuri silicone, ibikoresho byo gukuramo imyuka bifite uburemere bwinshi, polyphosphate, polyether zahinduwe, na zwitterionic demulsifiers (urugero, ibikoresho byo gukuramo imyuka bifite imyuka bishingiye kuri imidazoline).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2025