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Amakuru

Nigute amavuta ya demulifier akora?

Uburyo bwikinyabupfuraamavuta ya peteroliishingiye ku cyiciro cyo guhinduranya-guhindura inyigisho. Nyuma yo kongeramo demulifisiferi, icyiciro cyo guhinduranya kibaho, kibyara surfactants zitanga ubwoko butandukanye bwa emulsiya nubwoko bwakozwe na emulifier (reverse demulsifier). Izi demulifiseri zikorana na hydrophobique emulisiferi kugirango zikore inganda, bityo bitesha agaciro emulisitiya. Ubundi buryo ni firime ya firime iturika binyuze mukugongana. Mugihe cyo gushyushya cyangwa guhagarika umutima, demulifiseri ikunze kugongana na firime yimiterere ya emulsiyo - yaba iyiyerekejeho cyangwa ikimura molekile zimwe na zimwe zidahungabanya - ibyo bikaba bihungabanya firime, biganisha kuri flocculation, coescence, ndetse amaherezo na demulisation.

 

Amavuta ya peteroli akunze kugaragara mugihe cyo gukora peteroli no kuyitunganya. Amenshi mu mavuta ya peteroli ku isi akorwa muburyo bwa emulisile. Emuliyoni igizwe byibura n'amazi abiri adasobanutse, aho imwe ikwirakwizwa nk'ibitonyanga byiza cyane (hafi mm 1 z'umurambararo) byahagaritswe mubindi.

 

Mubisanzwe, kimwe muri ayo mazi ni amazi, ikindi ni amavuta. Amavuta arashobora gukwirakwizwa neza mumazi, agakora amavuta-mumazi (O / W) emulsion, aho amazi aricyiciro gikomeza naho amavuta nicyiciro cyatatanye. Ibinyuranye, niba amavuta aricyiciro gikomeza kandi amazi agatatana, ikora amazi-y-amavuta (W / O). Amavuta menshi ya emulisiyo ni ubwoko bwa nyuma.

 

Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buryo bwo kuvanaho peteroli ya peteroli bwibanze ku buryo burambuye ku bijyanye no guhuriza hamwe kw'ibitonyanga ndetse n'ingaruka za demulifiseri kuri rheologiya. Ariko, kubera ubunini bwimikoranire ya demulsifier-emulsion, nubwo ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, haracyariho igitekerezo kimwe kijyanye nuburyo bwo gusenya.

 

Uburyo bwinshi bwemewe cyane burimo:

1. Kwimura molekile: molekules ya demulsifier isimbuza emulisiferi kuri interineti, igahungabanya emuliyoni.

2.Guhindura imyunyu: Ubushakashatsi bwa Microscopique bwerekana ko emulisiyo ya W / O ifite ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byamazi yatandukanijwe nimpeta zamavuta. Mugihe cyo gushyushya, guhagarika umutima, hamwe na demulsifier ibikorwa, ibyo bice birahuza, bigatera ibitonyanga.

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe murugo kuri sisitemu ya O / W yerekana ko demulifisiyeri nziza igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira: ibikorwa byubutaka bukomeye, amazi meza, ubushobozi bwa flocculation bihagije, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhuriza hamwe.

 

Imyiyerekano irashobora gutondekwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa surfactant:

Anionic demulsifiers: Shyiramo karubasi, sulfonate, na sulfati ya polyoxyethylene. Ntabwo zikora neza, zisaba dosiye nini, kandi zumva electrolytite.

Cationic demulsifiers: Ahanini imyunyu ya ammonium ya kane, ikora kumavuta yoroheje ariko idakwiriye amavuta aremereye cyangwa ashaje.

Nonionic demulsifiers: Shyiramo polyeter yo guhagarika yatangijwe na amine cyangwa alcool, alkylphenol resin block polyethers, phenol-amine resin block polyethers, silicone ishingiye kuri demulisiferi, uburemere bukabije bwa molekuline, polyphosifati, polyeteri zahinduwe, hamwe na zwitterionic demulsifiers (urugero, imidazine).


Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2025