Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu bikoreshwa mu gucukura amavuta akomeye n'amavuta yanduye ya wax

1.Ibintu bikoreshwa mu gucukura amavuta menshi

Bitewe n’ubucucike bwinshi n’amazi make y’amavuta akomeye, kuyakoresha bihura n’ingorane nyinshi. Kugira ngo amavuta akomeye agarurwe, hari igihe amazi y’ibinyabutabire by’amazi ashyirwa mu mwobo umanuka. Ubu buryo buhindura amavuta akomeye afite ubucucike bwinshi akayahindura emulsions z’amavuta mu mazi (O/W) zifite ubucucike buke, hanyuma zishobora koherezwa hejuru. Ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa muri ubu buryo bwo gukurura no kugabanya ubucucike birimo sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, na sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.

Emulsions z’amavuta zikorwa zigomba kumenwa kugira ngo zitandukanye igice cy’amazi, ibyo bikaba bisaba kandi gukoresha surfactants zimwe na zimwe zo mu nganda nk’inyunganizi. Izi demulsifiers ni emulsifiers z’amazi mu mavuta (W/O), hamwe n’ubwoko busanzwe bukoreshwa burimo cationic surfactants, aside naphthenic, aside asphaltenic, n’umunyu wazo wa polyvalent metal.

Ku bwoko bwihariye bw'amavuta akomeye adashobora gukoreshwa n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kuvoma, gutera umwuka ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubushyuhe bugaruke. Kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza yo kugarura ubushyuhe, hakenewe imiti igabanya ubushyuhe. Gutera ifuro—ni ukuvuga gutera imiti igabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n'imyuka idakonjesha—mu byobo bitera umwuka ni bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa. Imiti itera ifuro ikunze gukoreshwa irimo alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, peteroli sulfonate, sulfonate polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, na sulfonate polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.

Bitewe n’imikorere yazo yo hejuru no kudacika intege mu kurwanya aside, alkali, ogisijeni, ubushyuhe n’amavuta, surfactants zifite fluorine zifatwa nk’ibintu byiza cyane bitanga ifuro mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo amavuta atanye anyure mu mihogo cyangwa atume amavuta ava ku buso bw’imiterere, hakoreshwa surfactants zizwi nka filime diffusing agents, aho ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa ari polyoxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.

2. Imiti ikoreshwa mu kugarura amavuta y'ibinure ya Waxy

Kugira ngo amavuta y’ibishishwa asa n’ibishishwa agaruke, ibikorwa byo gukumira ibishishwa no gukuraho ibishishwa bigomba gukorwa buri gihe, aho ibintu bikoreshwa mu kugabanya ibishishwa bikoreshwa mu kugabanya ibishishwa ndetse no mu gukuraho ibishishwa.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukumira ishaza igabanywa mu byiciro bibiri: imiti ishongesha amavuta n'imiti ishongesha amazi. Iyi miti ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ishaza ihindura imiterere y'ubuso bw'amakristaro y'ishaza, aho sulfonates za peteroli n'imiti ikoreshwa mu bwoko bwa amine ari byo bikunze gukoreshwa. Imiti ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ishaza ikora mu guhindura imiterere y'ubuso bushyirwamo ishaza (nk'ubuso bw'imiyoboro y'amavuta, inkoni zo gusukura n'ibikoresho bijyana nabyo). Amahitamo aboneka arimo sodium alkyl sulfonates, umunyu wa quaternary ammonium, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, hamwe n'ibikomoka kuri sodium sulfonates.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukuraho ishashi nayo igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bitewe n’uburyo ikoreshwa. Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura ishashi ishingiye ku mavuta ishyirwa mu bikoresho bikuraho ishashi bishingiye ku mavuta, mu gihe imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura ishashi ishingiye ku mazi—harimo ubwoko bwa sulfonate, ubwoko bwa quaternary ammonium salt, ubwoko bwa polyether, ubwoko bwa Tween na OP, hamwe na sulfate-esterified cyangwa sulfonated Peregal-type na OP-type surfactants—ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukurura ishashi bishingiye ku mazi.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda zo mu gihugu no mu mahanga zakoresheje uburyo bwo gukuraho ishashi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gukumira ishashi, ndetse n'ibikoresho bikuraho ishashi bishingiye ku mavuta n'amazi kugira ngo hakorwe ibikoresho bikuraho ishashi bivanze. Ibikoresho nk'ibi bikoresha ishashi ihumura neza na ishashi ivanze nk'igice cy'amavuta, hamwe n'ibikoresho bikuraho ishashi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho ishashi nk'igice cy'amazi. Iyo ishashi yatoranijwe ari surfactant idafite ionic ifite ahantu hakwiye ho gucu, ubushyuhe buri munsi y'igice gishyira ishashi mu iriba ry'amavuta bushobora kugera cyangwa bukarenga aho buherereye mu gicu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishashi ihuzwa irakuraho ishashi mbere yo kwinjira mu gice gishyira ishashi, igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bikora mu buryo buhuriweho kugira ngo ishashi ikureho.