Kwungukira mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni inzira yo kubyaza umusaruro itegura ibikoresho fatizo byo gushonga ibyuma n'inganda zikora imiti, kandi flothation yahindutse uburyo bukomeye bwo kugirira akamaro. Amabuye y'agaciro hafi ya yose arashobora gutandukana ukoresheje flotation.
Kugeza ubu, flotation ikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha amabuye y'agaciro - cyane cyane ibyuma na manganese - nka hematite, smithsonite, na ilmenite; ibyuma by'agaciro nka zahabu na feza; ibyuma bidafite fer nk'umuringa, isasu, zinc, cobalt, nikel, molybdenum, na antimoni, harimo amabuye y'agaciro ya sulfide nka galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, yavutse, molybdenite, na pentlandite, hamwe n'amabuye y'agaciro ya okiside nka malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite. Ikoreshwa kandi mu myunyu ngugu idafite umunyu nka fluorite, apatite, na barite, imyunyu ngugu yumunyu nka potas n'umunyu wo mu rutare, hamwe n'amabuye y'agaciro atari ubutare hamwe n'amabuye y'agaciro ya silike nk'amakara, grafite, sulfuru, diyama, quartz, mika, feldspar, beryl, na spodumene.
Flotation yakusanyije ubunararibonye mu bijyanye no kunguka, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Amabuye y'agaciro yari asanzwe afatwa nk'udafite agaciro mu nganda kubera urwego ruto cyangwa imiterere igoye ubu aragarurwa (nk'umutungo wa kabiri) binyuze muri flotation.
Mugihe amabuye y'agaciro agenda arushaho kunanuka, hamwe namabuye y'agaciro yagabanijwe neza kandi neza mumabuye y'agaciro, ingorane zo gutandukana ziyongereye. Kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro, inganda nkibikoresho bya metallurgji na chimique byashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe nibisabwa neza mugutunganya ibikoresho fatizo - ni ukuvuga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Ku ruhande rumwe, hakenewe kunozwa ubuziranenge, ku rundi ruhande, ikibazo cyo gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro meza yatumye flotation igenda iruta ubundi buryo, ishyiraho nk'ubuhanga bukoreshwa cyane kandi butanga inyungu muri iki gihe. Mu ikubitiro ryakoreshejwe kumyunyu ngugu ya sulfide, flotation yagutse buhoro buhoro kugirango ishyiremo imyunyu ngugu ya okiside nubutare butari ubutare. Muri iki gihe, ubwinshi bw’amabuye y'agaciro atunganywa na flotation arenga toni miliyari nyinshi.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya flotation ryagutse rirenze ubwubatsi butunganya amabuye y'agaciro mu nzego nko kurengera ibidukikije, metallurgie, gukora impapuro, ubuhinzi, imiti, ibiryo, ibikoresho, ubuvuzi, na biyolojiya.
Ingero zirimo kugarura flotation yibintu byingenzi biva mubicuruzwa bigezweho muri pyrometallurgie, volatiles, na slag; kugarura flotation yibisigazwa byimyanda hamwe nubutaka bwimuka muri hydrometallurgie; gukoresha flotation mu nganda zikora imiti kugirango de-inking impapuro zongera gukoreshwa no kugarura fibre ziva mu binyobwa bisembuye; nibisanzwe mubikorwa byubwubatsi bushingiye kubidukikije nko kuvana peteroli iremereye mumigezi yinzuzi, gutandukanya imyanda ihumanya neza n’amazi y’amazi, no gukuraho colloide, bagiteri, hamwe n’umwanda w’ibyuma.
Hamwe nogutezimbere muburyo bwa flotation hamwe nuburyo, kimwe no kugaragara kwa reagent hamwe nibikoresho bishya, bigenda neza cyane, flotation izasanga nibisabwa mugari mubikorwa byinshi. Ariko, birakwiye ko tumenya ko gukoresha flotation bikubiyemo amafaranga menshi yo gutunganya (ugereranije no gutandukanya magnetiki cyangwa imbaraga za rukuruzi), ibisabwa cyane kugirango ingano yibiryo bigabanuke, ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mubikorwa bya flotation bisaba ko hakorwa neza, hamwe n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ibidukikije bituruka ku mazi y’amazi arimo imyanda isigaye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2025