Maitiro echinhu chisina kuchenazvinobvisa mafutayakavakirwa padzidziso yekuchinja-chinja kwechikamu. Mushure mekuwedzera demulsifier, panoitika kuchinjika kwechikamu, zvichigadzira ma surfactants anogadzira mhando ye emulsion yakasiyana neiyo inoumbwa ne emulsifier (reverse demulsifier). Ma demulsifier aya anoshanda nema hydrophobic emulsifiers kuti agadzire ma complexes, nokudaro achideredza hunhu hwe emulsifying. Imwe nzira ndeyekuputika kwefirimu re interfacial kuburikidza nekugongana. Pakudziya kana kumutswa, ma demulsifiers anowanzo sangana nefirimu re interfacial re emulsion—kungave richinamira pairi kana kubvisa mamwe mamorekuru e surfactant—izvo zvinokanganisa firimu, zvichikonzera flocculation, coalescence, uye pakupedzisira demulsification.
Mafuta asina kucheneswa anowanzo shandiswa panguva yekugadzira mafuta nekunatswa. Mafuta mazhinji pasi rose anogadzirwa muchimiro chemafuta asina kucheneswa. Mafuta ane zvinwiwa zviviri zvisingasanganisike, apo rimwe rinoparadzirwa semadonhwe madiki kwazvo (anenge 1 mm mudhayamita) akasungirirwa mune rimwe.
Kazhinji, chimwe chezvinwiwa izvi imvura, uye chimwe imafuta. Mafuta anogona kuparadzirwa zvakanaka mumvura, zvichiita kuti pave nemafuta mumvura (O/W), uko mvura iri continuous phase uye mafuta iri dispersed phase. Kusiyana neizvi, kana mafuta ari continuous phase uye mvura ikapararira, inoumba water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. Mazhinji emafuta asina kucheneswa ndeerudzi rwekupedzisira.
Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo pamusoro penzira dzekubvisa mafuta asina kucheneswa yakatarisana nekuongorora kwakadzama kwekubatana kwemadonhwe uye kukanganisa kwezvinobvisa mafuta pakubatana kwemasero. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuoma kwekudyidzana kwe-demulsifier-emulsion, pasinei netsvakiridzo yakakura, hapasati pave nedzidziso yakabatana pamusoro penzira yekubvisa mafuta.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogamuchirwa nevakawanda dzinosanganisira:
1. Kubviswa kwemamorekuru: Mamorekuru eDemulsifier anotsiva maemulsifier panzvimbo inopindirana, zvichiita kuti emulsion isagadzikane.
2. Kuchinja kwebvudzi: Zvidzidzo zve microscopic zvinoratidza kuti W/O emulsions dzine zvikamu zviviri kana zvakawanda zvemvura zvakaparadzaniswa nemhete dzemafuta. Pasi pekupisa, kumutswa, uye demulsifier action, zvikamu izvi zvinobatana, zvichikonzera kubatana kwemadonhwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo yemuno pamusoro pemasisitimu emulsion eO/W inoratidza kuti demulsifier yakakodzera inofanira kuzadzisa zvinotevera: kushanda kwakasimba pamusoro, kunyorova zvakanaka, kugona kuyerera kwakakwana, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatana.
Ma demulsifiers anogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nemhando dzesurfactant:
•Anionic demulsifiers: Inosanganisira carboxylates, sulfonates, uye polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Hazvishande zvakanaka, zvinoda madosi akawanda, uye hazvidi maelectrolytes.
•Zvidziviriro zveCationic: Zvikurukuru quaternary ammonium salts, inoshanda pamafuta akareruka asi isingakodzeri mafuta akaremara kana akwegura.
•Zvidziviriri zveNonionic: Zvinosanganisira mablock polyethers anotangwa nemaamines kana alcohols, alkylphenol resin block polyethers, phenol-amine resin block polyethers, silicone-based demulsifiers, ultra-high molecular weight demulsifiers, polyphosphates, modified block polyethers, uye zwitterionic demulsifiers (semuenzaniso, imidazoline-based crude oil demulsifiers).
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-22-2025