Maitiro ekusarudza masurfactants ekushandisa mafuta anorema uye mafuta asina kuchena ane wax

1. Mishonga inobvisa mafuta akawanda

Nekuda kwekuoma kwakanyanya uye kusanyoroka kwemafuta anorema, kushandiswa kwawo kunosangana nematambudziko akawanda. Kuti mafuta anorema adzorerwe, dzimwe nguva mvura inobuda mumasurfactants inopinzwa mugomba rinodzika. Maitiro aya anoshandura mafuta anorema ane viscosity yakakura kuita mafuta-mu-mvura (O/W) emulsions ane viscosity yakaderera, ayo anogona kupombwa pamusoro. Masurfactants anoshandiswa munzira iyi yekuderedza emulsification yemafuta anorema anosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, uye sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.

Ma emulsion emafuta ari mumvura akagadzirwa anofanira kuomeswa nemvura kuti aparadzanise chikamu chemvura, izvo zvinodawo kushandiswa kwemamwe ma surfactants eindasitiri se demulsifiers. Aya ma demulsifiers i water-in-oil (W/O) emulsifiers, ane mhando dzinowanzo shandiswa dzinosanganisira cationic surfactants, naphthenic acids, asphaltenic acids, uye polyvalent metal salts dzawo.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta anorema asingakwanise kushandiswa nemayuniti ekupomba akajairika, jekiseni remhepo rinodiwa kuti kudzoreredzwa kwekupisa kuwedzere. Kuti kuwedzere kushanda kwe kudzoreredzwa kwekupisa kuwedzere, ma surfactants anodiwa. Kupinza furo—kureva, kuisa ma foam agents anodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya pamwe chete nemagasi asingakonzere kutonhora—mumawells e steam injection ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Ma foam agents anoshandiswa kazhinji anosanganisira alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonate polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, uye sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.

Zvichienderana nekushanda kwazvo pamusoro uye kugadzikana kwadzo pakurwisa acids, alkalis, oxygen, kupisa, uye mafuta, fluorinated surfactants inoonekwa seyakanaka kwazvo pakupisa kwepamusoro-soro. Pamusoro pezvo, kuti zvive nyore kupfuura kwemafuta akapararira kuburikidza nekugadzira mapore throat kana kukurudzira kusuduruka kwemafuta kubva panzvimbo dzakagadzirwa, ma surfactants anozivikanwa sema film diffusing agents anoshandiswa, nemhando inowanzoshandiswa iri polyoxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.

2.Masurfactants eWaxy Crude Oil Recovery

Kuti mafuta asina kucheneswa ane wakisi adzoke, mabasa ekudzivirira wakisi uye kubvisa wakisi anofanira kuitwa nguva dzose, uko ma surfactants anoshanda sezvinhu zvinodzivisa wakisi uye zvinobvisa wakisi.

Zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mvura zvinodzivirira wakisi zvinowira muzvikamu zviviri: zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mafuta uye zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mvura. Zvekutanga zvinodzivirira wakisi nekuchinja hunhu hwepamusoro hwemakristaro ewakisi, nepo petroleum sulfonates uye zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mvura zvinova zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa. Zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mvura zvinoshanda nekuchinja hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinoisa wakisi (senge nzvimbo dzemachubhu emafuta, tsvimbo dzinonyungudutsa nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa). Zvimwe zvinhu zviripo zvinosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinobuda mu sodium sulfonate.

Zvinoshandiswa kubvisa wakisi zvinopatsanurwawo kuita mhando mbiri zvichienderana nemamiriro azvo ekushandisa. Zvinoshandiswa kubvisa wakisi zvinonyungudika mumafuta zvinosanganiswa muzvinobvisa wakisi zvine mafuta, nepo zvinoshandisa mvura zvinonyungudika—zvinosanganisira sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium salt-type, polyether-type, Tween-type uye OP-type surfactants, pamwe chete nesulfate-esterified kana sulfonated Peregal-type uye OP-type surfactants—zvinoshandiswa muzvinobvisa wakisi zvine mvura.

Mumakore achangopfuura, maindasitiri emuno neekunze kwenyika akabatanidza kubvisa wakisi nenzira yeorganic nehunyanzvi hwekudzivirira wakisi, uye akabatanidza wakisi inobva mumafuta neyakagadzirwa mumvura kugadzira wakisi yakasanganiswa. Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinoshandisa aromatic hydrocarbons uye mixed aromatic hydrocarbons sechikamu chemafuta, uye emulsifiers dzine hunhu hwekubvisa wakisi sechikamu chemvura. Kana emulsifier yakasarudzwa iri nonionic surfactant ine nzvimbo yakakodzera yegore, tembiricha iri pasi pechikamu chinoisa wakisi mutsime remafuta inogona kusvika kana kupfuura nzvimbo yayo yegore. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hybrid wax remover inobvisa wakisi isati yapinda muchikamu chinoisa wakisi, ichipatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvinoshanda pamwe chete kubvisa wakisi.