Chii chinonzi biosurfactants?

Biosurfactants metabolites yakavanzwa nema microorganisms panguva yavo metabolic maitiro pasi pemamiriro ekurima chaiwo. Zvichienzaniswa nemakemikari anogadzirwa surfactants, biosurfactants ane akawanda akasiyana hunhu, senge kusiana kwechimiro, biodegradability, yakakura biological chiitiko, uye kugarisana kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, mutengo, uye kushomeka kwekuita kwevanogadzira surfactants-pamwe nemaitiro avo ekukonzeresa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu panguva yekugadzira nekushandisa-tsvakurudzo yebiosurfactants yakakura zvakanyanya mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura sezvo ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwakawedzera. Munda wakakura nekukurumidza, uine akawanda patent akaiswa pasi rese kune akasiyana biosurfactants uye maitiro avo ekugadzira. MuChina, tsvagiridzo yakatarisana nekushandiswa kwemabiosurfactants mukuvandudza kudzoreredza kwemafuta uye bioremediation.

1.Marudzi eBiosurfactants uye Kugadzira Matambudziko

1.1 Mhando dzeBiosurfactants

Makemikari akagadzirwa surfactants anowanzo kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nemapoka avo epolar, nepo biosurfactants inoiswa muzvikamu zvinoenderana neiyo biochemical zvimiro uye ma microorganisms anogadzira. Iwo anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuva marudzi mashanu: glycolipids, phospholipids uye fatty acids, lipopeptides uye lipoproteins, polymeric surfactants, uye nyanzvi surfactants.

1.2 Kugadzira Matanho eBiosurfactants

Mazhinji biosurfactants ndiwo metabolites yebhakitiriya, mbiriso, uye fungi. Aya madhiri ekugadzira anotariswa zvakanyanya kubva mumadziva ane mafuta ane tsvina, ivhu, kana nharaunda dzemugungwa.

2.Kugadzirwa kweBiosurfactants

Parizvino, biosurfactants inogona kugadzirwa nenzira mbiri huru: microbial fermentation uye enzymatic synthesis.

Mukuvirisa, mhando uye goho rebiosurfactants rinonyanya kuenderana nekukura kwemicroorganism, danho rekukura, hunhu hwekabhoni substrate, kudzika kweN, P, uye simbi ions (seMg²⁺ neFe²⁺) mutsika yepakati, pamwe nemamiriro ekurima (pH, tembiricha, etc.). Zvakanakira kuvirisa zvinosanganisira mitengo yakaderera yekugadzira, kusiyana-siyana kwezvigadzirwa, uye maitiro akareruka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakakura kwemaindasitiri. Zvisinei, mari yekuparadzanisa uye kuchenesa inogona kuva yakakwirira.

Kusiyana neizvi, ma enzymatic synthesized surfactants anowanzo kuve akareruka mamorekuru maumbirwo asi anoratidza zvakaenzana basa repamusoro. Mabhenefiti eiyo enzymatic maitiro anosanganisira yakaderera mari yekubvisa, kureruka kwekugadzirisa zvimiro, kucheneswa kwakatwasuka, uye kushandiswazve kwema enzymes asingafambi. Pamusoro pezvo, ma enzymatic synthesized surfactants anogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakakwira-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa, senge zvinhu zvemishonga. Kunyangwe mutengo we enzyme parizvino wakakwira, kufambira mberi muinjiniya yemajini yekusimudzira kugadzikana kwe enzyme uye chiitiko chinotarisirwa kudzikisa mari yekugadzira.