Biosurfactants imhando yemetabolites inoburitswa netupukanana panguva yekuchinja kwemakemikari mumuviri pasi pemamiriro chaiwo ekurima. Zvichienzaniswa nemakemikari akagadzirwa nemakemikari, biosurfactants ine hunhu hwakawanda hwakasiyana, hwakadai sekusiyana kwechimiro, kuora kwehupenyu, kushanda kwakakura kwehupenyu, uye hushamwari kune nharaunda. Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, mutengo, uye miganhu yekushanda kwe synthetic surfactants - pamwe chete netsika yekukonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwenharaunda uye kuisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu panguva yekugadzira nekushandisa - tsvakiridzo pamusoro pe biosurfactants yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore makumi maviri apfuura sezvo ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza nehutano rwakawedzera. Basa iri rave richikura nekukurumidza, nemagwaro akawanda akaendeswa pasi rese e biosurfactants dzakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro avo ekugadzira. MuChina, tsvakiridzo yakatarisana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwe biosurfactants mukuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta uye bioremediation.
1. Mhando dzeBiosurfactants uye Mhando dzekugadzira
1.1 Mhando dzeBiosurfactants
Ma-surfactant akagadzirwa nemakemikari anowanzo kurongwa zvichienderana nemapoka awo epolar, nepo ma-biosurfactant achiiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana nehunhu hwawo hwebiochemical uye hutachiona hunoburitsa. Anowanzo kugoverwa mumhando shanu: maglycolipids, maphospholipids nemafuta acids, malipopeptides nelipoproteins, mapolymeric surfactants, uye maspecialized surfactants.
1.2 Kugadzira Mhando dzeBiosurfactants
Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinogadzira zvinhu zvipenyu zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya, mbiriso, uye fungi. Marudzi aya anonyanya kucheneswa kubva mumadziva, ivhu, kana nzvimbo dzegungwa dzakasvibiswa nemafuta.
2. Kugadzirwa kweBiosurfactants
Parizvino, biosurfactants inogona kugadzirwa nenzira mbiri huru: kuvirisa mabhakitiriya uye kugadzira enzyme.
Mukuvirisa, mhando uye goho rezvinhu zvipenyu zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwezvinhu zvidiki, danho rekukura kwazvo, hunhu hwekabhoni substrate, huwandu hweN, P, uye ions dzesimbi (dzakadai seMg²⁺ neFe²⁺) munzvimbo yekurimwa, pamwe nemamiriro ekurima (pH, tembiricha, kumhanya kwekukurumidzira, nezvimwewo). Zvakanakira zvekuvirisa zvinosanganisira mitengo yakaderera yekugadzira, kusiyana kwezvigadzirwa, uye maitiro ari nyore, zvichiita kuti zvikodzere kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri makuru. Zvisinei, mitengo yekuparadzanisa nekuchenesa inogona kunge yakakwira.
Kusiyana neizvi, masurfactants akagadzirwa ne enzyme anowanzova nemaumbirwo ari nyore emolecular asi anoratidza kushanda kwakanaka pamusoro. Mabhenefiti enzira ye enzyme anosanganisira kudhura kwakaderera kwekuburitsa, nyore kugadzirisa chimiro, kucheneswa kuri nyore, uye kushandiswazve kwema enzymes asina kufamba. Pamusoro pezvo, masurfactants akagadzirwa ne enzyme anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakanyanya, zvakaita sezvikamu zvemishonga. Kunyangwe mitengo yema enzymes iri yakakwira parizvino, kufambira mberi mu genetic engineering yekusimudzira kugadzikana kwema enzyme uye mashandiro anotarisirwa kuderedza mari yekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-04-2025