Mafuta amines anoreva boka rakakura remakemikari eamine ane hurefu hwekabhoni kubva paC8 kusvika kuC22. Kufanana nemaamines akajairika, akakamurwa kuita mhando ina huru: maamines ekutanga, maamines echipiri, maamines echitatu, uye mapolyamines. Musiyano uripo pakati pemaamines ekutanga, echipiri, uye echitatu unoenderana nehuwandu hwemaatomu ehydrogen muammonia anotsiviwa nemapoka ealkyl.
Mafuta amines anobva kuammonia. Ma "short-chain fatty amines" (C8-10) ane "sulubility" chaiyo mumvura, nepo ma "long-chain fatty amines" asinganyungudike mumvura uye anowanikwa semvura kana zvinhu zvakasimba patembiricha yemumba. Ane hunhu hwakakosha uye, se "organic bases", anogona kutsamwisa nekuparadza ganda ne "mucous membranes".
Zvinonyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita kwemafuta ane alcohols ne dimethylamine kuti zvibudise monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines, kuita kwemafuta ane alcohols ne monomethylamine kuti zvigadzire dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, uye kuita kwemafuta ane alcohols ne ammonia kuti zvibudise trialkyl tertiary amines.
Maitiro acho anotanga nekuita kwemafuta acids neammonia kugadzira mafuta ane nitriles, ayo anobva asanganiswa nehydrogen kuti abudise mafuta ekutanga kana echipiri. Aya ma primary kana secondary amines anogadzirwa nehydrogendimethylation kuti agadzire ma tertiary amines. Ma primary amines, mushure mecyanoethylation nehydrogenation, anogona kushandurwa kuita ma diamines. Ma diamines anozoshandurwa kuita cyanoethylation nehydrogenation kuti agadzire ma triamines, ayo anogona kushandurwa kuita tetramines kuburikidza nekuwedzera cyanoethylation nehydrogenation.
Kushandiswa kweFatty Amines
MaAmine ekutanga anoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinodzivisa ngura, mafuta anozora, zvinhu zvinoburitsa mold, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumafuta, zvinhu zvinogadzirisa pigment, zvinhu zvinosimbisa, zvinhu zvinonyorovesa, zvinhu zvinoderedza guruva remufetereza, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumafuta einjini, zvinhu zvinodzivirira ganda kubva mufetereza, zvinhu zvinogadzirisa ganda kubva mufetereza, zvinhu zvinogadzira ganda kubva muflotation, zvinhu zvinozora magiya, zvinhu zvinodzivirira ganda kubva mumvura, zvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura kubva muwax, nezvimwewo.
Mamine makuru ane kabhoni yakawanda, akadai seoctadecylamine, anoshanda sezvinhu zvinoburitsa mold zverabha rakaoma uye polyurethane furo. Dodecylamine inoshandiswa mukuvandudza rabha dzechisikigo uye dzekugadzira, sesurfactant mumakemikari etin-plating solutions, uye mukuderedza kusanganiswa kweisomaltose kuti igadzire malt derivatives. Oleylamine inoshandiswa sedhiziri rekuwedzera mafuta.
Kugadzirwa kweCationic Surfactants
Ma amine ekutanga nemunyu wawo anoshanda sezvinhu zvinobudirira zvinodzivirira kudonha kwematombo, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kuchekwa kwefetereza kana zvinoputika, zvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura kubva pamapepa, zvinhu zvinodzivisa ngura, zvinhu zvinowedzera mafuta, zvinhu zvinouraya utachiona muindasitiri yepeturu, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa pamafuta nepeturu, zvinhu zvinochenesa zvemagetsi, zvinhu zvinosanganisa ngura, uye mukugadzira zvinhu zvevhu zve organometallic uye zvinhu zvinogadzirisa pigment. Anoshandiswawo mukuchenesa mvura uye sezvinhu zvinoumba. Ma amine ekutanga anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvinosanganisa asphalt zvine munyu zvakaita se quaternary ammonium salt-type, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka nekugadzirisa migwagwa yepamusoro, kuderedza simba revashandi uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemugwagwa.
Kugadzirwa kweNonionic Surfactants
Zvinowedzerwa zvemafuta ekutanga ane ethylene oxide zvinonyanya kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinodzivirira static muindasitiri yepurasitiki. Ma ethoxylated amines, asinganyungudike mumapurasitiki, anotamira pamusoro, uko anotora hunyoro hwemhepo, zvichiita kuti pamusoro pepurasitiki pasave nestatic.
Kugadzirwa kweAmphoteric Surfactants
Dodecylamine inopindirana nemethyl acrylate uye inoiswa saponification uye neutralization kuti ibudise N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Aya ma surfactants anozivikanwa nekugadziriswa kwawo kwemvura kusina ruvara kana ruvara, kunyunguduka kwakanyanya mumvura kana ethanol, kuora kwehupenyu, kushivirira mvura yakaoma, kushatirwa kushoma kweganda, uye chepfu shoma. Mashandisirwo anosanganisira zvinhu zvinofuridza furo, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, liquid detergents, shampoos, hair conditioners, softeners, uye antistatic agents.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-20-2025