Waa maxay biosurfactants?

Biosurfactants waa dheef-shiid kiimikaad ay soo daayaan noolaha inta lagu jiro hababka dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha beerashada gaarka ah. Marka la barbar dhigo surfactants kiimikaad lagu farsameeyay, biosurfactants waxay leeyihiin sifooyin badan oo gaar ah, sida kala duwanaanshiyaha qaabdhismeedka, biodegradability, hawl bayooloji oo ballaadhan, iyo saaxiibtinimo deegaanka. Sababo la xiriira arrimo ay ka mid yihiin helitaanka alaabta ceeriin, qiimaha, iyo xaddidaadda waxqabadka ee surfactants-synthetic-oo ay weheliyaan u janjeera in ay sababaan wasakh deegaan oo daran oo khatar ku ah caafimaadka aadanaha inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka-cilmi baaris ku saabsan biosurfactants ayaa si weyn u koray labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyada oo wacyiga deegaanka iyo caafimaadka ayaa kordhay. Beerta ayaa si degdeg ah u horumartay, iyada oo leh shatiyo badan oo caalami ah oo caalami ah oo loogu talagalay biosurfactants kala duwan iyo hababka wax soo saarkooda. Shiinaha, cilmi-baaristu waxay ugu horreyn diiradda saartay codsiga biosurfactants ee soo kabashada saliidda ee la xoojiyey iyo bioremediation.

1.Noocyada biosurfactants iyo soo saarista noocyada

1.1 Noocyada Biosurfactants

Surfactants kiimikaad lagu farsameeyay ayaa sida caadiga ah loo kala saaraa iyadoo lagu saleynayo kooxahooda dabaysha, halka biosurfactants loo kala saaray iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinkooda bayoloji iyo noolaha soo saara. Waxay guud ahaan u qaybsan yihiin shan nooc: glycolipids, fosfolipids iyo acids fatty, lipopeptides iyo lipoproteins, surfactants polymeric, iyo surfactants khaas ah.

1.2 Soo saarista noocyada biosurfactants

Inta badan biosurfactants waa dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee bakteeriyada, khamiirka, iyo fungi. Noocyadan soo saara waxaa inta badan laga baaraa harooyinka, ciidda, ama badda ee wasakhaysan saliidda.

2.Soosaarka Biosurfactants

Hadda, biosurfactants waxaa lagu soo saari karaa laba hab oo waaweyn: halsano microbial iyo enzymatic synthesis.

Halsano, nooca iyo dhalidda biosurfactants waxay ku xiran tahay ugu horreyntii culeyska microorganism, heerka korriinka, dabeecadda substrate-ka kaarboonka, uruurinta N, P, iyo ion birta (sida Mg²⁺ iyo Fe²⁺) ee dhexdhexaadka dhaqanka, iyo sidoo kale xaaladaha beerashada (pH, heerkulka, xawaaraha kicinta, iwm.). Faa'iidooyinka halsano waxaa ka mid ah kharashka wax soo saarka hooseeya, kala duwanaanta alaabta, iyo hababka fudud, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon wax soo saarka warshadaha ballaaran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kharashka kala-soocidda iyo nadiifinta ayaa noqon kara mid sarreeya.

Taa bedelkeeda, surfactants-ka enzymatically-sameeyey waxay inta badan leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka molecular ka fudud laakiin waxay muujiyaan firfircooni dusha sare oo siman. Faa'iidooyinka habka enzymatic waxaa ka mid ah kharashyada soo saarista oo hooseeya, sahlanaanta wax ka beddelka qaabdhismeedka, nadiifinta tooska ah, iyo dib-u-isticmaalka enzymes-ka aan dhaqdhaqaaqa lahayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, surfactants-ka enzymatically-saymay ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro alaab qiimo sare leh, sida qaybaha dawooyinka. Inkasta oo qiimaha ensaymku uu hadda sarreeyo, horumarka injineernimada hidaha si kor loogu qaado xasilloonida ensaymka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ayaa la filayaa inay yareeyaan kharashyada wax soo saarka.