Waa maxay biosurfactants?

Bayoosurfactants waa metabolites ay soo saaraan noolaha yaryar inta lagu jiro hababka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka xaaladaha beerista gaarka ah. Marka la barbardhigo surfactants-ka kiimikada lagu sameeyay, bayoosurfactants waxay leeyihiin sifooyin badan oo gaar ah, sida kala duwanaanshaha qaab-dhismeedka, burburka bayoosur, dhaqdhaqaaqa bayoolojiga ee ballaaran, iyo saaxiibtinimo deegaan. Sababo la xiriira arrimo ay ka mid yihiin helitaanka walxaha ceeriin ah, kharashka, iyo xaddidaadaha waxqabadka ee surfactants-ka macmalka ah - oo ay weheliso u janjeerkooda inay sababaan wasakhowga deegaanka ee daran iyo khataraha caafimaadka aadanaha inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka - cilmi-baarista ku saabsan bayoosurfactants ayaa si weyn u korodhay labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo wacyigelinta deegaanka iyo caafimaadka ay korodhay. Beertu si degdeg ah ayay u horumartay, iyadoo shatiyo badan oo caalami ah loo gudbiyay bayoosurfactants kala duwan iyo hababkooda wax soo saar. Shiinaha, cilmi-baaristu waxay si weyn diiradda u saartay codsiga bayoosurfactants ee soo kabashada saliidda ee la xoojiyay iyo dib-u-habaynta bayoosur.

1. Noocyada Bayosurfactants-ka iyo Soo-saarista Noocyada

1.1 Noocyada Bayosurfactants-ka

Surfactants-ka kiimikada lagu sameeyay ayaa badanaa lagu kala saaraa iyadoo lagu saleynayo kooxahooda cidhifyada, halka bayoosurfactants-ka loo kala saaro iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka bayoolajiyadooda iyo noolaha soo saara. Guud ahaan waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan nooc: glycolipids, phospholipids iyo acids dufan leh, lipopeptides iyo lipoproteins, polymeric surfactants, iyo surfactants-ka gaarka ah.

1.2 Soo saarista Noocyada Bayosurfactants

Inta badan walxaha noolaha ku jira waa metabolites-ka bakteeriyada, khamiirka, iyo fangaska. Noocyadan soo saara waxaa inta badan laga baaraa harooyinka, carrada, ama deegaannada badda ee ay saliiddu wasakhaysan tahay.

2. Soo saarista walxaha bayoolajiyada sameeya

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, bayoosurfactants waxaa lagu soo saari karaa laba hab oo waaweyn: halsano microbial ah iyo isku-darka enzymatic.

Halsano, nooca iyo wax-soo-saarka bayosurfactants waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay nooca noolaha yaryar, heerka koritaankiisa, dabeecadda substrate-ka kaarboonka, fiirsashada N, P, iyo ion-yada birta (sida Mg²⁺ iyo Fe²⁺) ee ku jira habka dhaqanka, iyo sidoo kale xaaladaha beerista (pH, heerkulka, xawaaraha kicinta, iwm.). Faa'iidooyinka halsano waxaa ka mid ah kharashyada wax soo saarka oo hooseeya, kala duwanaanshaha alaabada, iyo hababka fudud, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon wax soo saarka warshadaha ee baaxadda weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kharashyada kala-soocidda iyo nadiifinta ayaa noqon kara kuwo sarreeya.

Taas bedelkeeda, surfactants-ka enzymatic-ka ah ayaa badanaa leh qaab-dhismeedyo molecular oo fudud laakiin waxay muujiyaan firfircooni dusha sare oo si siman u fiican. Faa'iidooyinka habka enzymatic-ka waxaa ka mid ah kharashyada soo saarista oo hooseeya, fududaynta wax-ka-beddelka qaab-dhismeedka, nadiifinta tooska ah, iyo dib-u-isticmaalka enzymans-ka aan dhaqdhaqaaqa lahayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, surfactants-ka enzymatic-ka ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro badeecooyin qiimo sare leh, sida qaybaha daawada. Inkasta oo kharashka enzymanku uu hadda sarreeyo, horumarka injineernimada hidde-sidaha si loo xoojiyo xasilloonida enzymanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ayaa la filayaa inay yareyso kharashyada wax soo saarka.