Aminada dufanka leh waxay tilmaamaysaa qayb ballaaran oo ka mid ah isku-dhafka amine-ka dabiiciga ah oo leh dherer silsilad kaarboon ah oo u dhexeeya C8 ilaa C22. Sida amines-ka guud, waxaa loo kala saaraa afar nooc oo waaweyn: amines-ka aasaasiga ah, amines-ka labaad, amines-ka saddexaad, iyo polyamines. Kala duwanaanshaha amines-ka aasaasiga ah, labaad, iyo saddexaad waxay ku xiran tahay tirada atamka hydrogen-ka ee ku jira ammonia-da oo lagu beddelo kooxaha alkyl.
Aminada dufanka leh waa wax dabiici ah oo ka soo jeeda ammonia. Aminada dufanka leh ee silsiladaha gaaban (C8-10) waxay muujiyaan milmi gaar ah oo biyaha ku jira, halka Aminada dufanka leh ee silsiladaha dheer guud ahaan aan lagu milmi karin biyaha waxayna u jiraan dareere ama adke heerkulka qolka. Waxay leeyihiin sifooyin aasaasi ah, iyagoo ah saldhigyo dabiici ah, waxay kicin karaan oo ay mirqi karaan maqaarka iyo xuubka xabka.
Waxaa ugu horreyn lagu sameeyaa falgalka khamriga dufanka leh ee leh dimethylamine si uu u soo saaro monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amins, falgalka khamriga dufanka leh ee leh monomethylamine si uu u sameeyo dialkylmethyl tertiary amins, iyo falgalka khamriga dufanka leh ee leh ammonia si uu u soo saaro trialkyl tertiary amins.
Hawshu waxay ku bilaabataa falgalka asiidhyada dufanka leh iyo ammonia si ay u soo saaraan nitriles dufan leh, kuwaas oo markaa la hydrogen gareeyo si ay u soo saaraan amiinada dufanka leh ee aasaasiga ah ama kuwa sare. Amiinadan aasaasiga ah ama kuwa sare waxay maraan hydrogen dimethylation si ay u sameeyaan amiinada saddexaad. Amiinada aasaasiga ah, ka dib cyanoethylation iyo hydrogenation, waxaa loo rogi karaa diamines. Diamines waxay sii maraan cyanoethylation iyo hydrogenation si ay u soo saaraan triamines, kuwaas oo markaa loo rogi karo tetramines iyada oo loo marayo cyanoethylation iyo hydrogenation dheeraad ah.
Isticmaalka Amiinada Dufanka leh
Amines-ka aasaasiga ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii ka hortagayaasha miridhku, saliidaha, wakiilada sii daaya caaryada, waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda, waxyaabaha lagu daro habka midabaynta, dhumuc-yare, walxaha qoynta, kuwa joojiya boodhka bacriminta, waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda matoorka, wakiilada ka hortagga dubista bacriminta, wakiilada wax-soo-saarka, wakiilada sabeynta, saliidaha qalabka, wakiilada hydrophobic, waxyaabaha lagu daro biyaha, emulsions-ka wax, iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan.
Aminada aasaasiga ah ee kaarboon-ta ku badan, sida octadecylamine, waxay u adeegaan sidii wakiilo sii daaya caaryada ee xumbada adag ee cinjirka iyo polyurethane. Dodecylamine waxaa loo isticmaalaa dib u soo nooleynta cinjirka dabiiciga ah iyo kan macmal ah, sida surfactant ee xalalka kiimikada ee dahaarka lagu dahaadho, iyo soo saarista isomaltose si loo soo saaro waxyaabaha ka soo baxa malt. Oleylamine waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii lagu daro shidaalka naaftada.
Soo saarista Cationic Surfactants
Amines-ka aasaasiga ah iyo milixdoodu waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii wakiillo wax ku ool ah oo macdanta sabbaynaya, wakiillo ka hortagga dubista ee bacriminta ama walxaha qarxa, wakiillo ka hortaga biyaha warqadda, joojiya miridhka, waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda, biocides-ka warshadaha batroolka, waxyaabaha lagu daro shidaalka iyo shidaalka, wakiilada nadiifinta elektaroonigga ah, emulsifiers, iyo soo saarista dhoobada organometallic iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro habka midabaynta. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha iyo sidii wakiillo wax lagu dhejiyo. Amines-ka aasaasiga ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro emulsifiers asfalt-ka nooca quaternary ammonium milix ah, kuwaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo dhismaha iyo dayactirka waddooyinka heerka sare ah, yareynta xoogga shaqada iyo kordhinta cimriga laamiga.
Soo saarista Nonionic Surfactants
Waxyaabaha lagu daro amiinada dufanka leh ee leh oksaydhka ethylene waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilo ka hortagta istaatiijiyadda warshadaha balaastikada. Amiinada Ethoxylated, oo aan ku milmin balaastikada, waxay u guuraan dusha sare, halkaas oo ay nuugaan qoyaanka jawiga, taasoo ka dhigaysa dusha sare ee balaastikada mid ka hortagta istaatiijiyadda.
Soo saarista Amphoteric Surfactants
Dodecylamine wuxuu la falgalaa methyl acrylate wuxuuna maraa saponification iyo dhexdhexaadin si uu u soo saaro N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Waxyaabahan surfactants-ka ah waxaa lagu gartaa xalalkooda biyaha ee midabka khafiifka ah ama aan midabka lahayn, milmida sare ee biyaha ama ethanol, bayoolaji ahaan, dulqaadka biyaha adag, cuncunka maqaarka oo yar, iyo sunta oo yar. Isticmaalka waxaa ka mid ah wakiilada xumbo nuugaya, emulsifiers, joojiyeyaasha miridhka, saabuunta dareeraha ah, shaambooyada, qaboojiyaha timaha, jilciyeyaasha, iyo wakiilada ka hortagga joogtada ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-20-2025