Ka faa'iidaysiga macdanta waa geeddi-socod wax-soo-saar ah oo u diyaariya alaabta ceyriinka ah ee birta dhalaalaysa iyo warshadaha kiimikada, iyo sabbaynta maraqa ayaa noqotay habka ugu muhiimsan ee ka faa'iidaysiga. Ku dhowaad dhammaan kheyraadka macdanta waxaa lagu kala saari karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo sabeynta.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, sabbeynta ayaa si ballaaran loogu dabaqay ka faa'iideysiga biraha birta ah - ugu horreyn birta iyo manganese - sida hematite, smithsonite, iyo ilmenite; biraha qaaliga ah sida dahabka iyo lacagta; biraha aan birta ahayn sida copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, nikkel, molybdenum, iyo antimony, oo ay ku jiraan macdanta sulfide sida galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, molybdenite, iyo pentlandite, iyo sidoo kale macdanta oxide sida malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, iyo wolframiterite. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa macdanta cusbada aan birta ahayn sida fluorite, apatite, iyo barite, macdanta milmaha leh ee cusbada sida potash iyo cusbada dhagaxa, iyo macdanta aan birta ahayn iyo macdanta silicate sida dhuxusha, graphite, sulfur, diamonds, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, iyo spodumene.
Sabuulidu waxa ay soo ururisay waayo-aragnimo ballaadhan oo dhinaca ka-faa'iidaysiga ah, oo leh horumar tignoolajiyadeed oo joogto ah. Macdanta oo markii hore loo tixgeliyey inaysan lahayn qiimo warshadeed darajo hoose ama qaab dhismeedkooda adag ayaa hadda dib loogu soo celinayaa (sida kheyraadka sare) iyadoo loo marayo sabbeynta.
Maaddaama ay kheyraadka macdantu noqdaan kuwo caato ah, oo macdan faa'iido leh loo qaybiyo si aad u qurux badan oo qotodheer gudaha macdanta, dhibka kala-soocidda ayaa koray. Si loo dhimo kharashka wax soo saarka, warshadaha sida qalabka biraha iyo kiimikooyinka ayaa dejiyay heerar tayo sare leh iyo shuruudaha saxda ah si loo farsameeyo alaabta ceeriin - taas oo ah, alaabta kala soocan.
Dhinaca kale, waxaa loo baahan yahay in tayada la hagaajiyo, dhinaca kalena, caqabada ah in la kala saaro macdanta dhuudhuuban ayaa ka dhigtay sabbeynta in ay aad uga sarreyso hababka kale, taas oo ka dhigaysa in ay tahay farsamada faa'iidada ugu badan ee la isticmaalo uguna rajo wanaagsan maanta. Markii hore lagu dabaqay macdanta sulfide, sabaynta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u fiday oo ay ku jirto macdanta oksaydhka iyo macdanta aan birta ahayn. Maanta, mugga caalamiga ah ee macdanta sannadkii ee lagu farsameeyo sabbeynta ayaa kor u dhaafeysa dhowr bilyan oo tan.
Tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, adeegsiga tignoolajiyada sabbeynta ayaa ka gudubtay injineerinka farsamaynta macdanta ilaa dhinacyada sida ilaalinta deegaanka, biraha, samaynta waraaqaha, beeraha, kiimikooyinka, cuntada, agabka, dawooyinka, iyo bayoolaji.
Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah dib u soo kabashada sabbeynta ee qaybaha qiimaha leh ee alaabta dhexdhexaadka ah ee pyrometallurgy, kacsan, iyo slag; dib u soo kabashada sabaynta haraaga dheecaanka iyo barokaca ayaa ku soo da'aya hydrometallurgy; Isticmaalka sabbeynta ee warshadaha kiimikada si looga saaro warqadaha dib loo warshadeeyay iyo ka soo kabashada fiilooyinka khamriga qashinka saxarka ah; iyo codsiyada injineernimada deegaanka ee caadiga ah sida ka soo saarista saliidda cayriin ee culus ee wasakhda webiga, kala soocida wasakhda adag ee wanaagsan iyo biyaha wasakhda ah, iyo ka saarida kolloidyada, bakteeriyada, iyo raadraaca wasakhda birta.
Marka la horumariyo hababka iyo hababka sabbaynta, iyo sidoo kale soo ifbaxa cusub, qalabka wax-ka-qabashada sabbeynta iyo qalabka, sabbeynta waxay heli doontaa codsiyo ka sii ballaadhan warshado iyo goobo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa xusid mudan in isticmaalka sabayn ay ku lug leedahay kharashyada processing sare (marka la barbar dhigo magnetic ama kala soocidda cuf), shuruudaha adag ee size qayb feed, arrimo badan oo saamayn ku habka sabbaynta dalbanaya saxnaanta sare ee hawlgalka, iyo khataraha deegaanka iman kara biyaha wasakhda ah oo ay ku jiraan reagents haraaga ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-14-2025