Tšebeliso eali-surfactanttlhahiso ea oli
1. Li-surfactant tse sebelisetsoang ho cheka oli e boima
Ka lebaka la ho teteana ho hoholo le ho phalla ho fokolang ha oli e boima, ho tlisa mathata a mangata merafong. E le ho ntsha oli tsena tse boima, ka linako tse ling ho hlokahala ho kenya tharollo ea metsi ea mokoti o ka tlas'a metsi ho fetola oli e boima e nang le viscosity e ngata hore e be emulsion ea oli e ka metsing e nang le viscosity e tlase ebe e e ntša holim'a metsi. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang mokhoeng ona oa ho fokotsa emulsification ea oli e boima le ho fokotsa viscosity li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl alcohol ether sulfate sodium salt, jj. Emulsion ea oli e ka metsing e hlahisoang e hloka ho arola metsi le ho sebelisa li-surfactants tse ling tsa indasteri e le li-demulsifier bakeng sa ho felloa ke metsi. Li-demulsifier tsena ke li-emulsifier tsa metsi ka har'a oli. Li-surfactants tsa cationic kapa li-naphthenic acid, li-asphaltonic acid le letsoai la tsona la tšepe le nang le li-multivalent.
Oli e boima e khethehileng e ke ke ea chekoa ke li-unit tse tloaelehileng tsa ho pompa 'me e hloka ente ea mouoane bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa mochesong. Ho ntlafatsa phello ea ho hlaphoheloa mochesong, ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe li-surfactant. Ho kenya foam ka har'a seliba sa ente ea mouoane, ke hore, ho kenya sesebelisoa sa foam se sa keneng mochesong o phahameng le khase e sa kolobisoang, ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea ho fetola mocheso.
Disebediswa tse atisang ho sebediswa tsa ho foufatsa ke alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers le sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, jj. Hobane di-surfactants tse nang le fluorine di na le ts'ebetso e hodimo hodima bokahodimo mme di tsitsitse ho di-acid, alkalis, oksijene, mocheso le oli, ke disebediswa tse loketseng tsa ho foufatsa ka mocheso o phahameng. E le ho etsa hore oli e hasantsweng e fete habonolo sebopehong sa mmetso wa pore sa sebopeho, kapa ho etsa hore oli e hodima bokahodimo ba sebopeho e be bonolo ho ntshwa, ho hlokahala ho sebedisa surfactant e bitswang film diffusing agent. E sebediswang hangata ke oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surface activity agent.
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- Li-surfactant bakeng sa ho cheka oli e tala e kang boka
Tšebeliso e mpe ea oli e tala e kang boka e hloka thibelo ea boka khafetsa le ho tlosoa ha boka. Li-surfactants li sebetsa e le li-inhibitor tsa boka le li-surfactants tsa boka. Ho na le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsing tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho thibela boka. Ea pele e bapala karolo ea ho thibela boka ka ho fetola litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba kristale ea boka. Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli tse sebelisoang hangata ke li-sulfonate tsa petroleum le li-surfactants tsa amine. Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsing li bapala karolo ea ho thibela boka ka ho fetola litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo bo entsoeng ka boka (joalo ka liphaephe tsa oli, lithupa tsa sucker le libaka tsa lisebelisoa). Li-surfactants tse fumanehang li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers le letsoai la tsona la sodium sulfonate, jj. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho tlosoa ha boka le tsona li arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli. Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlosa boka ba boka bo thehiloeng oling, le mofuta oa sulfonate o qhibilihang ka metsi, mofuta oa letsoai la quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa polyether, mofuta oa Tween, li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa OP, mofuta o bataletseng o thehiloeng ho Sulfate kapa sulfo-alkylated le mofuta oa OP.sesebelisoa sa ho etsa surfactantLi sebelisoa ho tlosa boka ba boka ka metsi. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho tlosa boka ba boka malapeng le linaheng tse ling ho kopantsoe ka tlhaho, 'me ho tlosa boka ba boka ka oli le ho tlosa boka ba boka ka metsi ho kopantsoe ka tlhaho ho hlahisa ho tlosa boka ba boka ba motsoako. Ho tlosa boka hona ho sebelisa li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate le li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate tse tsoakiloeng e le karolo ea oli, 'me ho sebelisa emulsifier e nang le phello ea ho hloekisa boka e le karolo ea metsi. Ha emulsifier e khethiloeng e le surfactant e seng ea ionic e nang le ntlha e nepahetseng ea leru, mocheso o ka tlase ho karolo ea ho tlosa boka ea seliba sa oli o ka fihla kapa oa feta ntlha ea eona ea leru, e le hore emulsification e kopantsoeng e ka robeha pele e kena karolong e etsang boka, 'me lintho tse peli tse hloekisang boka lia aroloa, tse bapalang karolo ea ho hloekisa boka ka nako e le' ngoe.
3. Li-surfactante sebelisetsoang ho tsitsisa letsopa
Letsopa le tsitsitseng le arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli: ho thibela katoloso ea liminerale tsa letsopa le ho thibela ho falla ha likaroloana tsa liminerale tsa letsopa. Li-surfactants tsa cationic tse kang mofuta oa letsoai la amine, mofuta oa letsoai la quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa letsoai la pyridinium, le letsoai la imidazoline li ka sebelisoa ho thibela ho ruruha ha letsopa. Li-surfactants tse seng tsa ionic-cationic tse nang le fluorine lia fumaneha ho thibela ho falla ha likaroloana tsa liminerale tsa letsopa.
4. Li-surfactante sebelisoang mehatong ea ho eketsa asiti
E le ho ntlafatsa phello ea acidification, hangata ho eketsoa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-additives tharollong ea asiti. Surfactant efe kapa efe e lumellanang le tharollo ea asiti 'me e monngoa habonolo ke sebopeho e ka sebelisoa e le retardant ea acidification. Joalo ka fatty amine hydrochloride, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, letsoai la pyridine ho li-surfactants tsa cationic le sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted kapa sulfate ester salted polyoxyethylene alkanes ho li-surfactants tsa amphoteric base phenol ether, jj. Li-surfactants tse ling, tse kang dodecyl sulfonic acid le letsoai la eona la alkylamine, li ka emulsify acid equid ka oli ho hlahisa emulsion ea acid-in-oil. Emulsion ena e ka sebelisoa e le acid equid ea indasteri 'me hape e bapala karolo ea ho lieha.
Li-surfactant tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-emulsifier bakeng sa metsi a eketsang asiti. Li-surfactant tse nang le meaho e nang le makala joalo ka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether le polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexamine li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-emulsifier tse eketsang asiti.
Li-surfactants tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le lithuso tsa ho ntša metsi tse haellang asiti. Li-surfactants tse ka sebelisoang e le lithuso tsa ho ntša metsi li kenyelletsa mofuta oa letsoai la amine, mofuta oa letsoai la ammonium oa quaternary, mofuta oa letsoai la pyridinium, li-surfactants tse nang le nonionic, amphoteric le fluorine.
Li-surfactant tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-sludge agents tse matlafatsang acid, joalo ka li-surfactant tse qhibilihang ka oli, joalo ka li-alkylphenols, mafura a acid, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, jj. Kaha li na le ho qhibiliha ho fokolang ha asiti, li-surfactant tse seng tsa ionic li ka sebelisoa ho li hasanya ka har'a tharollo ea asiti.
E le ho ntlafatsa phello ea acidification, sesebelisoa sa ho fetola metsi se hloka ho eketsoa tharollong ea asiti ho fetola ho se fetohe ha mongobo oa sebaka se haufi le wellbore ho tloha ho lipophilic ho ea ho hydrophilic. Metsoako ea polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers le phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers e monngoa ke sebopeho ho etsa lera la boraro la adsorption, le bapalang karolo ho kolobiseng le ho khutliseng morao.
Ho phaella moo, ho na le di-surfactants tse ding, tse kang fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salt kapa nonionic-anionic surfactant, tse sebediswang e le di-agent tse foam ho etsa mokelikeli o sebetsang wa foam acid ho fihlella morero wa ho diehisa ho bola le ho teba ha asiti, kapa Difoam di etswa ka sena mme di sebediswa e le mokelikeli wa pele bakeng sa ho eketsa asiti. Kamora hore di kenngwe sebopehong, tharollo ya asiti e a kenngwa. Phello ya Jamin e hlahiswang ke dipululana tse foam e ka kgelosa mokelikeli wa asiti, ya qobella mokelikeli wa asiti ho qhala lera le tlase la ho kenella, ka hona ya ntlafatsa phello ya ho eketsa asiti.
5. Li-surfactant tse sebelisoang mehatong ea ho robeha
Mehato ea ho robeha hangata e sebelisoa masimong a oli a sa keneleng metsi haholo. E sebelisa khatello ho bula sebopeho ho etsa lirobe, 'me e sebelisa proppant ho tšehetsa lirobe ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa phallo ea mokelikeli le ho fihlela morero oa ho eketsa tlhahiso le tlhokomelo. Metsi a mang a robehang a entsoe ka li-surfactants e le e 'ngoe ea metsoako.
Metsi a ho qhaqha oli ka metsing a entsoe ka metsi, oli le li-emulsifier. Li-emulsifier tse sebelisoang ke li-surfactants tsa ionic, nonionic le amphoteric. Haeba metsi a teteaneng a sebelisoa e le karolo ea kantle 'me oli e sebelisoa e le karolo ea kahare, mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha oli ka metsing o teteaneng (polymer emulsion) o ka lokisoa. Mokelikeli ona oa ho qhaqha o ka sebelisoa mochesong o ka tlase ho 160°C 'me o ka roba li-emulsion ka bohona le ho ntša metsi.
Mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha foam ke mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha o sebelisang metsi e le mokhoa oa ho hasanya le khase e le karolo e hasaneng. Likarolo tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke metsi, khase le moemeli oa ho qhaqha. Li-sulfonate tsa alkyl, li-sulfonate tsa alkyl benzene, letsoai la alkyl sulfate ester, letsoai la quaternary ammonium le li-surfactants tsa OP kaofela li ka sebelisoa e le baemeli ba ho qhaqha foam. Khakanyo ea moemeli oa ho qhaqha foam ka metsing ka kakaretso ke 0.5-2%, 'me karolelano ea bophahamo ba karolo ea khase ho bophahamo ba foam e pakeng tsa 0.5-0.9.
Mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha o thehiloeng oling ke mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha o entsoeng ka oli e le motsoako o qhibilihang kapa o hasanyang. Oli e sebelisoang haholo sebakeng seo ke oli e tala kapa karolo ea eona e boima. E le ho ntlafatsa viscosity le thepa ea eona ea mocheso, petroleum sulfonate e qhibilihang ka oli (boima ba limolek'hule 300-750) e hloka ho eketsoa. Mekelikeli ea ho qhaqha e thehiloeng oling e boetse e kenyelletsa metsi a qhaqha oling le metsi a qhaqha foam ka oli. Li-emulsifier tse sebelisoang ho ea pele ke li-surfactants tsa anionic tse qhibilihang ka oli, li-surfactants tsa cationic le li-surfactants tse seng tsa ionic, ha li-stabilizer tsa foam tse sebelisoang ho ea morao e le li-surfactants tsa polymer tse nang le fluorine.
Mokelikeli o qhaqhang o nang le bothata ba ho thehoa ha metsi o sebelisa motsoako oa joala (joalo ka ethylene glycol) le oli (joalo ka parafini) e le sebaka sa ho hasana, carbon dioxide e metsi e le karolo e hasantsoeng, le sulfate-salted polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether e le emulsifier. Kapa emulsion kapa foam e entsoeng ka moemeli oa foam ho ea ho robeheng ha metsoako e nang le bothata ba ho robeha ha metsi.
Mokelikeli oa ho robeha o sebelisoang bakeng sa ho robeha le ho etsa asiti ke mokelikeli oa ho robeha le mokelikeli o etsang asiti. O sebelisoa ka har'a libopeho tsa carbonate, 'me mehato ena e 'meli e etsoa ka nako e le' ngoe. Tse amanang le li-surfactants ke foam ea asiti le emulsion ea asiti. Ea pele e sebelisa alkyl sulfonate kapa alkyl benzene sulfonate e le moemeli oa foam, 'me ea morao e sebelisa surfactant ea sulfonate e le emulsifier. Joalo ka maro a etsang asiti, maro a robehang le 'ona a sebelisa li-surfactants e le li-anti-emulsifier, lithuso tsa ho ntša metsi le li-agent tsa ho khutlisetsa metsi ka metsi, tse ke keng tsa tšohloa mona.
6. Sebelisa li-surfactants bakeng sa taolo ea profil le mehato ea ho thibela metsi
E le ho ntlafatsa phello ea nts'etsopele ea ente ea metsi le ho thibela sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa metsi a oli e tala, hoa hlokahala ho lokisa boemo ba ho monya metsi lilibeng tsa ente ea metsi le ho eketsa tlhahiso ka ho thibela metsi lilibeng tsa tlhahiso. Mekhoa e meng ea taolo ea boemo le ea ho thibela metsi hangata e sebelisa li-surfactants tse ling.
Sehlahisoa sa taolo ea boemo ba gel sa HPC/SDS se entsoe ka hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) le sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) metsing a hloekileng.
Sodium alkyl sulfonate le alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride li qhibiliha ka ho latellana ka metsing ho lokisa maro a mabeli a sebetsang, a kenngoang ka har'a sebopeho ka bonngoe. Maro a mabeli a sebetsang a sebelisana 'moho sebopehong ho hlahisa alkyl trimethylamine. Sulfite e potlaka le ho thibela lera le phahameng la ho kenella ha metsi.
Li-polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonate, jj. li ka sebelisoa e le lintho tse ntšang bubble, tse qhibilihang ka metsing ho lokisa mokelikeli o sebetsang, ebe li kenngoa ka har'a sebopeho ka mokhoa o fapaneng le mokelikeli o sebetsang oa carbon dioxide, feela sebopehong (haholo-holo se phahameng Lera le kenellang) le etsa foam, le hlahisa thipa, 'me le bapala karolo taolong ea profil.
Ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa quaternary ammonium surfactant e le sesebelisoa se ntšang lefofo se qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a sol ea silicic acid e entsoeng ka ammonium sulfate le khalase ea metsi 'me se kenngoa ka har'a sebopeho, ebe se kenngoa khase e sa kolobisoang (khase ea tlhaho kapa chlorine), foromo e thehiloeng mokelikeling e ka hlahisoa ka har'a sebopeho pele. Foam e ka har'a plaster ea dispersion, e lateloa ke gelation ea sol ea silicic acid, e hlahisa foam e nang le solid e le plaster ea dispersion, e bapalang karolo ea ho thiba lera le phahameng la permeability le ho laola profil.
Ho sebelisoa li-surfactants tsa sulfonate e le lintho tse ntšang foam le metsoako ea polymer e le lintho tse tiisang foam, ebe ho kenngoa khase kapa lintho tse hlahisang khase, foam e thehiloeng metsing e hlahisoa fatše kapa sebopehong. Foam ena e sebetsa holim'a oli. Bongata ba moemeli bo fallela sebakeng sa oli le metsi, bo baka tšenyo ea foam, kahoo ha bo thibele lera la oli. Ke moemeli ea khethang le ea thibelang metsi selibeng sa oli.
Sesebediswa se thibelang metsi sa samente se thehilweng oling ke sesupo sa samente ka hara oli. Bokaholimo ba samente bo na le metsi. Ha e kena ka hara lera le hlahisang metsi, metsi a tlosa kamano pakeng tsa seliba sa oli le samente e holim'a samente, e leng se etsang hore samente e tiee le ho thibela lera le hlahisang metsi. E le ho ntlafatsa ho phalla ha sesebediswa sena sa ho thiba, hangata ho eketsoa di-surfactant tsa carboxylate le sulfonate.
Sehlahisoa se thibelang metsi se qhibilihang ka metsi sa micellar se thehiloeng metsing ke tharollo ea micellar e entsoeng haholo-holo ka petroleum ammonium sulfonate, li-hydrocarbon le li-alcohol. E na le metsi a letsoai le lengata sebopehong 'me e ba viscous ho fihlela phello ea ho thibela metsi.
Tharollo ea cationic surfactant e thehiloeng metsing kapa oling, sesebelisoa se thibelang metsi, se thehiloe holim'a metsoako e sebetsang ea letsoai la alkyl carboxylate le alkyl ammonium chloride 'me se loketse feela bakeng sa ho thehoa ha lejoe la lehlabathe.
Sesebediswa se sebetsang sa ho thibela metsi ka oli e boima ke mofuta wa oli e boima e qhibilihisitsweng ka emulsifier ya metsi ka oli. E hlahisa emulsion e tiileng haholo ya metsi ka oli ka mora hore sebopeho se tswe metsi ho fihlela sepheo sa ho thibela metsi.
Sesebediswa se thibelang metsi ka oli se lokiswa ka ho kopanya oli e boima ka metsing ho sebediswa cationic surfactant e le emulsifier ka oli ka metsing.
7. Sebelisa li-surfactants bakeng sa mehato ea taolo ea lehlabathe
Pele ho ts'ebetso ea taolo ea lehlabathe, metsi a itseng a butsoeng a lokisitsoeng ka li-surfactants a hloka ho kenngoa e le mokelikeli oa pele ho hloekisa sebopeho pele ho ntlafatsa phello ea taolo ea lehlabathe. Hona joale, li-surfactants tse sebelisoang haholo ke li-surfactants tsa anionic.
8. Surfactant bakeng sa ho felloa ke metsi ha oli e tala
Mehatong ea pele le ea bobeli ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli, li-demulsifier tse ka har'a oli hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa oli e tala e ntšitsoeng. Meloko e meraro ea lihlahisoa e se e ntlafalitsoe. Moloko oa pele ke carboxylate, sulfate le sulfonate. Moloko oa bobeli ke li-surfactant tse seng tsa limolek'hule tse tlase tse kang OP, Pingpingjia le oli ea castor e nang le sulfonated. Moloko oa boraro ke surfactant e seng ea polymer.
Mehatong ea morao ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea bobeli le ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea boraro, oli e tala e hlahisoang hangata e teng ka mokhoa oa emulsion ea oli ka metsing. Ho na le mefuta e mene ea li-demulsifier tse sebelisoang, joalo ka tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride le didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Li ka arabela le li-emulsifier tsa anionic ho fetola boleng ba tsona ba ho leka-lekana ha oli ka metsi, kapa li amohuoa holim'a likaroloana tsa letsopa tse metsi, li fetola ho koloba ha tsona le ho senya li-emulsion tsa oli ka metsing. Ho phaella moo, li-surfactant tse ling tsa anionic le li-surfactant tse sa qhibiliheng oling tse ka sebelisoang e le li-emulsifier tsa oli ka metsing le tsona li ka sebelisoa e le li-demulsifier bakeng sa li-emulsion tsa oli ka metsing.
- Li-surfactant bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi
Ka mora hore mokelikeli oa tlhahiso ea seliba sa oli o aroloe ho oli e tala, metsi a hlahisitsoeng a hloka ho phekoloa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ho kenngoa hape. Ho na le merero e tšeletseng ea kalafo ea metsi, e leng thibelo ea mafome, thibelo ea sekala, ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, ho tlosoa ha oksijene, ho tlosoa ha oli le ho tlosoa ha lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho sebelisa li-inhibitor tsa mafome, li-anti-scaling agents, li-bactericides, li-scavengers tsa oksijene, li-degreasers le li-flocculant, jj. Lintlha tse latelang li kenyelletsa li-surfactants tsa indasteri:
Li-surfactant tsa indasteri tse sebelisoang e le lithibelo tsa mafome li kenyelletsa letsoai la alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, le alkyl pyridine salts. , letsoai la imidazoline le lintho tse tsoang ho lona, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine le polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonate, mefuta e fapaneng ea quaternary ammonium internal salts, di(polyoxyethylene)alkyl internal salts le lintho tse tsoang ho tsona.
Li-surfactant tse sebelisoang e le lintho tse thibelang litšila li kenyelletsa letsoai la phosphate ester, letsoai la sulfate ester, li-acetates, li-carboxylate le metsoako ea tsona ea polyoxyethylene. Ho tsitsa ha mocheso oa letsoai la sulfonate ester le letsoai la carboxylate ho betere haholo ho feta ha letsoai la phosphate ester le letsoai la sulfate ester.
Li-surfactant tsa indasteri tse sebelisoang ho fungicides li kenyelletsa letsoai la alkylamine le otlolohileng, letsoai la ammonium la quaternary, letsoai la alkylpyridinium, letsoai la imidazoline le lihlahisoa tsa eona, letsoai le fapaneng la ammonium la quaternary, alkyl ea di(polyoxy) Vinyl le letsoai la kahare la lihlahisoa tsa eona.
Li-surfactants tsa indasteri tse sebelisoang ho li-degreasers ke li-surfactants tse nang le meaho e nang le makala le lihlopha tsa sodium dithiocarboxylate.
10. Sesebediswa sa ho kenya oli ya dikhemikhale metsing
Ho fumana oli ea mantlha le ea bobeli ho ka khutlisa 25%-50% ea oli e tala e ka tlas'a lefatše, empa ho ntse ho e-na le oli e ngata e tala e ntseng e le ka tlas'a lefatše 'me e ke ke ea fumanoa. Ho fumana oli e tala ho ka ntlafatsa ho fumana oli e tala. Ho fumana oli e tala haholo-holo ho sebelisa mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale oa ho hohola, ke hore, ho eketsa lik'hemik'hale tse ling metsing a kenngoeng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho hohola metsi. Har'a lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang, tse ling ke li-surfactants tsa indasteri. Selelekela se sekhutšoanyane ho tsona ke se latelang:
Mokhoa oa ho tlatsa oli ka lik'hemik'hale o sebelisang surfactant e le moemeli oa mantlha o bitsoa surfactant moroallo. Li-surfactants li bapala karolo haholo-holo ho ntlafatseng ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea interfacial ea oli le metsi le ho eketsa palo ea methapo ea mali. Kaha bokaholimo ba sebopeho sa lejoe la lehlabathe bo chajiloe hampe, li-surfactants tse sebelisoang haholo-holo ke li-surfactants tsa anionic, 'me boholo ba tsona ke li-surfactants tsa sulfonate. E etsoa ka ho sebelisa moemeli oa sulfonating (joalo ka sulfur trioxide) ho sulfonate likaroloana tsa peterole tse nang le hydrocarbon e ngata e nkhang hamonate, ebe li li fokotsa ka alkali. Litlhaloso tsa eona: ntho e sebetsang 50%-80%, oli ea diminerale 5%-30%, metsi 2%-20%, sodium sulfate 1%-6%. Sulfonate ea peterole ha e hanele mocheso, letsoai, kapa li-ion tsa tšepe tse theko e phahameng. Li-sulfonate tsa maiketsetso li lokisoa ho tsoa ho li-hydrocarbon tse tsamaellanang ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tsamaellanang ea maiketsetso. Har'a tsona, α-olefin sulfonate e hanela haholo letsoai le li-ion tsa tšepe tse nang le valent e phahameng. Li-surfactants tse ling tsa anionic-nonionic le li-surfactants tsa carboxylate le tsona li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho falla ha oli. Ho falla ha oli ea surfactant ho hloka mefuta e 'meli ea li-additives: e 'ngoe ke co-surfactant, joalo ka isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, jj., 'me e 'ngoe ke dielectric, ho kenyeletsoa le letsoai la asiti le alkali, haholo-holo letsoai, le ka fokotsang hydrophilicity ea surfactant le ho eketsa lipophilicity, 'me hape le fetola boleng ba hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ea moemeli ea sebetsang. E le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea surfactant le ho ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa moruo, likhohola tsa surfactant li boetse li sebelisa lik'hemik'hale tse bitsoang li-suppelling agents. Lintho tse ka sebelisoang e le li-suppelling agents li kenyelletsa lintho tsa alkaline le polycarboxylic acid le letsoai la tsona. Li-oligomer le li-polymers le tsona li ka sebelisoa e le li-suppelling agents. Lignosulfonate le liphetoho tsa tsona ke li-suppelling agents.
Mokhoa oa ho fallisa oli o sebelisang metsoako e 'meli kapa ho feta ea ho fallisa oli ea lik'hemik'hale o bitsoa likhohola tse kopaneng. Mokhoa ona oa ho fallisa oli o amanang le li-surfactants o kenyelletsa: likhohola tsa surfactant le polymer e teteaneng ea surfactant; likhohola tsa surfactant tse ntlafalitsoeng ke alkali tse nang le likhohola tsa alkali + surfactant kapa surfactant tse ntlafalitsoeng ke surfactant; likhohola tse thehiloeng ho element tse nang le alkali + surfactant + polymer. Hangata likhohola tse kopantsoeng li na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho hlaphoheloa ho feta drive e le 'ngoe. Ho ea ka tlhahlobo ea hajoale ea mekhoa ea nts'etsopele lapeng le kantle ho naha, likhohola tsa ternary compound li na le melemo e phahameng ho feta likhohola tsa binary compound. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang likhohola tsa ternary compound ke li-sulfonate tsa petroleum, hangata li sebelisoa hammoho le sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid le carboxylates tsa polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, le polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium salts. jj. ho ntlafatsa mamello ea eona ea letsoai. Morao tjena, lapeng le kantle ho naha li nkile bohlokoa bo boholo lipatlisisong le tšebelisong ea li-biosurfactants, tse kang rhamnolipid, sophorolipid fermentation broth, jj., hammoho le li-carboxylate tsa tlhaho tse tsoakiloeng le alkaline lignin e tsoang ho papermaking, jj., 'me li fihletse liphetho tse ntle litekong tsa masimong le tsa ka tlung. Tšusumetso e ntle ea ho tlosa oli.
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-26-2023