Mokhoa oa ho se hloekeli-demulsifier tsa olie thehiloe khopolo-taba ea phetoho ea ho fetoha ha mokhahlelo oa ho fetoha ha mokhahlelo. Kamora ho eketsa demulsifier, ho fetoha ha mokhahlelo hoa etsahala, ho hlahisa li-surfactants tse hlahisang mofuta o fapaneng oa emulsion le o entsoeng ke emulsifier (reverse demulsifier). Li-demulsifier tsena li sebelisana le li-emulsifier tse sa rateheng ho etsa li-complexes, ka hona li fokotsa thepa ea emulsifying. Mokhoa o mong ke ho phatloha ha filimi ea interfacial ka ho thulana. Tlas'a ho futhumatsa kapa ho sisinyeha, li-demulsifier hangata li thulana le filimi ea interfacial ea emulsion - ebang lia monya kapa li tlosa limolek'hule tse ling tsa surfactant - e leng se sitisang filimi, se lebisang ho flocculation, coalescence, le ho qetella li ntšitsoe ka mokhahlelo oa ho fetoha ha mokhahlelo.
Hangata oli e tala e emulsion e etsahala nakong ea tlhahiso le tlhoekiso ea oli. Bongata ba oli e tala lefatšeng e hlahisoa ka mokhoa o kopantsoeng. Emulsion e na le bonyane metsi a mabeli a sa tsoakoang, moo le leng le hasanngoang e le marotholi a manyane haholo (a ka bang 1 mm ka bophara) a leketlileng ho le leng.
Ka tlwaelo, e 'ngoe ea lino tsena ke metsi, 'me e 'ngoe ke oli. Oli e ka hasana hantle ka metsing, ea etsa emulsion ea oli ka metsing (O/W), moo metsi e leng karolo e tsoelang pele 'me oli e le karolo e hasaneng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba oli e le karolo e tsoelang pele 'me metsi a hasana, e etsa emulsion ea metsi ka oli (W/O). Li-emulsion tse ngata tsa oli e tala ke tsa mofuta oa morao-rao.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa ea ho tlosa oli e tala li shebane le lintlha tse qaqileng tsa ho kopana ha marotholi le tšusumetso ea li-demulsifier holim'a rheology ea interfacial. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha likamano tsa demulsifier-emulsion, ho sa tsotellehe lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng, ho ntse ho se na khopolo-taba e kopaneng mabapi le mokhoa oa ho tlosa oli.
Mekhoa e 'maloa e amoheloang haholo e kenyelletsa:
1. Ho falla ha limolek'hule: Limolek'hule tsa demulsifier li nkela li-emulsifier sebaka sebakeng sa sebopeho, e leng se sitisang emulsion.
2. Ho fetoha ha makukuno: Lithuto tsa microscopic li bontša hore li-emulsion tsa W/O li na le mekhahlelo e 'meli kapa e mengata ea metsi e arotsoeng ke masale a oli. Tlas'a ho futhumatsa, ho sisinyeha le ts'ebetso ea demulsifier, mekhahlelo ena ea kopana, e leng se bakang ho kopana ha marotholi.
Ho phaella moo, dipatlisiso tsa lehae mabapi le ditsamaiso tsa emulsion tsa O/W di fana ka maikutlo a hore demulsifier e loketseng e lokela ho fihlella maemo a latelang: tshebetso e matla ya bokahodimo, ho kgona ho koloba hantle, bokgoni bo lekaneng ba ho phaphamala, le tshebetso e sebetsang ya ho kopanya dintho.
Li-demulsifier li ka aroloa ho latela mefuta ea li-surfactant:
•Li-demulsifier tsa Anionic: Li kenyelletsa li-carboxylate, li-sulfonate, le li-polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Ha li sebetse hantle, li hloka litekanyo tse kholo, 'me li na le kutloelo-bohloko ho li-electrolyte.
•Di-demulsifier tsa cationic: Haholo-holo matswai a ammonium a quaternary, a sebetsang hantle bakeng sa oli e bobebe empa a sa lokela oli e boima kapa e tsofetseng.
•Di-demulsifier tse seng tsa ionic: Di kenyeletsa di-polyether tse bolokilweng ke di-amine kapa di-alcohols, di-polyether tse bolokilweng ke alkylphenol resin, di-polyether tse bolokilweng ke phenol-amine resin, di-demulsifier tse thehilweng ho silicone, di-demulsifier tse boima ba dimolek'hule tse phahameng haholo, di-polyphosphate, di-polyether tse bolokilweng tse fetotsoeng, le di-demulsifier tse zwitterionic (mohlala, di-demulsifier tse se nang oli tse thehilweng ho imidazoline).
Nako ea poso: Phato-22-2025