1. Li-surfactants bakeng sa ho ntša oli e ngata
Ka lebaka la ho ba le viscosity e phahameng le ho phalla ho fokolang ha oli e boima, ts'ebeliso ea eona e tobane le mathata a mangata. Ho khutlisa oli e boima joalo, ka linako tse ling litharollo tsa metsi tsa li-surfactants li kenngoa ka har'a mokoti o ka tlase. Ts'ebetso ena e fetola oli e boima e nang le viscosity e phahameng hore e be li-emulsion tsa oli-ka har'a metsi (O/W) tse nang le viscosity e tlase, tse ka pompeloang holimo. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang mokhoeng ona oa emulsification ea oli e boima le phokotso ea viscosity li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, le sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Li-emulsion tsa oli tse ka metsing tse hlahisoang li hloka ho ntšoa metsi ho arola karolo ea metsi, e leng se hlokang hape tšebeliso ea li-surfactants tse itseng tsa indasteri e le li-demulsifier. Li-demulsifier tsena ke li-emulsifier tsa metsi tse ka har'a oli (W/O), tse nang le mefuta e sebelisoang hangata ho kenyeletsoa li-surfactants tsa cationic, li-asidi tsa naphthenic, li-asidi tsa asphaltenic, le letsoai la tsona la tšepe le nang le polyvalent.
Bakeng sa mefuta e ikhethang ea oli e boima e ke keng ea sebelisoa ke li-unit tse tloaelehileng tsa ho pompa, ho hlokahala ente ea mouoane bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa mochesong. Ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ho hlaphoheloa mochesong, ho hlokahala li-surfactant. Ho kenya foam—ke hore, ho kenya li-agent tse foam tse hanelang mocheso o phahameng hammoho le likhase tse sa kolobisoang—ka har'a liliba tsa ente ea mouoane ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata. Li-agent tse foam tse sebelisoang khafetsa li kenyelletsa alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonate polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, le sulfonate polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.
Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e phahameng ea bokaholimo le botsitso khahlanong le li-acid, alkali, oksijene, mocheso le oli, li-surfactants tse nang le fluorine li nkoa e le li-agent tse ntle tsa ho fofonela mocheso o phahameng. Ho phaella moo, ho nolofatsa ho feta ha oli e hasantsoeng ka har'a 'metso oa pore ea sebopeho kapa ho khothalletsa ho falla ha oli ho tloha libakeng tsa sebopeho, li-surfactants tse tsejoang e le li-agent tse hasanyang filimi lia sebelisoa, 'me mofuta o sebelisoang hangata ke li-surfactants tsa polyoxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer.
2. Li-surfactants bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e tala e nang le boka
Bakeng sa ho fumana oli e tala e kang boka, ts'ebetso ea thibelo ea boka le ho tlosa boka e tlameha ho etsoa khafetsa, moo li-surfactants li sebetsang e le li-inhibitor tsa boka le li-wax removers.
Li-surfactant tse thibelang boka li oela likarolong tse peli: li-surfactant tse qhibilihang ka oli le li-surfactant tse qhibilihang ka metsing. Tsa pele li sebelisa phello ea tsona ea ho thibela boka ka ho fetola litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba likristale tsa boka, 'me li-sulfonate tsa petroleum le li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa amine e le mefuta e sebelisoang haholo. Li-surfactant tse qhibilihang ka metsing li sebetsa ka ho fetola litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo bo bolokang boka (joalo ka bokaholimo ba liphaephe tsa oli, lithupa tsa sucker le lisebelisoa tse amanang le tsona). Likhetho tse fumanehang li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, hammoho le li-derivatives tsa tsona tsa sodium sulfonate.
Li-surfactant tse sebelisetsoang ho tlosa boka le tsona li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli ho latela maemo a tsona a ts'ebeliso. Li-surfactant tse qhibilihang ka oli li kenyelletsoa ho li-smoothing tse thehiloeng ho oli, ha li-surfactant tse qhibilihang ka metsing—ho kenyeletsoa le mofuta oa sulfonate, mofuta oa letsoai oa quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa polyether, mofuta oa Tween le li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa OP, hammoho le li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa Peregal le mofuta oa OP tse nang le sulfate kapa sulfonated—li sebelisoa ho li-smoothing tse thehiloeng ho boka tse thehiloeng metsing.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, liindasteri tsa lehae le tsa machabeng li kopantse ho tlosoa ha boka ka tlhaho le mahlale a thibelo ea boka, le ho kopanya li-wax tse thehiloeng oling le tse thehiloeng metsing ho hlahisa li-wax tse kopantsoeng. Lihlahisoa tse joalo li sebelisa li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate le li-hydrocarbon tse tsoakiloeng tse nkhang hamonate e le karolo ea oli, le li-emulsifier tse nang le thepa ea ho tlosa boka e le karolo ea metsi. Ha emulsifier e khethiloeng e le surfactant e seng ea ionic e nang le ntlha e nepahetseng ea leru, mocheso o ka tlase ho karolo ea ho boloka boka ea seliba sa oli o ka fihla kapa oa feta ntlha ea eona ea leru. Ka lebaka leo, sesebelisoa sa ho tlosa boka se kopantsoeng sea qhaqhoa pele se kena karolong ea ho boloka boka, se arohana ka likarolo tse peli tse sebetsang ka kopanelo ho tlosa boka.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-04-2026