Li-biosurfactants ke li-metabolite tse ntšoang ke likokoana-hloko nakong ea lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa metabolism tlas'a maemo a itseng a temo. Ha li bapisoa le li-surfactants tse entsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale, li-biosurfactants li na le litšobotsi tse ngata tse ikhethang, tse kang mefuta-futa ea sebopeho, ho bola ha biogradability, ts'ebetso e pharaletseng ea baeloji, le botsoalle ba tikoloho. Ka lebaka la lintlha tse kang ho fumaneha ha thepa e tala, litšenyehelo, le meeli ea ts'ebetso ea li-surfactants tsa maiketsetso - hammoho le tšekamelo ea tsona ea ho baka tšilafalo e mpe ea tikoloho le ho beha likotsi bophelong ba batho nakong ea tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso - lipatlisiso mabapi le li-biosurfactants li holile haholo lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng ha temoso ea tikoloho le bophelo bo botle e ntse e eketseha. Tšimo e ntlafetse ka potlako, ka litokelo tse ngata tsa molao tse kentsoeng machabeng bakeng sa li-biosurfactants tse fapaneng le lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa tlhahiso. Chaena, lipatlisiso li shebane haholo le ts'ebeliso ea li-biosurfactants ho ntlafatseng ho hlaphoheloa ha oli le ho lokisa bioremediation.
1. Mefuta ea Li-biosurfactants le Mefuta ea Tlhahiso
1.1 Mefuta ea Li-biosurfactants
Li-surfactant tse entsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale hangata li aroloa ho latela lihlopha tsa tsona tsa polar, athe li-biosurfactant li aroloa ho latela thepa ea tsona ea biochemical le likokoana-hloko tse hlahisang. Ka kakaretso li arotsoe ka mefuta e mehlano: li-glycolipids, li-phospholipids le li-fatty acids, li-lipopeptides le lipoproteins, li-surfactants tsa polymeric, le li-surfactants tse khethehileng.
1.2 Ho Hlahisa Mefuta ea Li-biosurfactants
Bongata ba di-biosurfactants ke di-metabolite tsa dibaktheria, tomoso le di-fungus. Mefuta ena e hlahisang di-biosurfactants e hlahlojwa haholo-holo matsheng a silafetseng ka oli, mobung, kapa dibakeng tsa lewatle.
2. Tlhahiso ea Li-biosurfactants
Hona jwale, di-biosurfactants di ka hlahiswa ka mekgwa e mmedi e meholo: ho bedisa dikokwana-hloko le ho kopanya di-enzyme.
Ha ho belisoa, mofuta le chai ea li-biosurfactants li itšetlehile haholo-holo ka mofuta oa likokoana-hloko, mohato oa kholo ea tsona, mofuta oa substrate ea khabone, mahloriso a N, P, le li-ion tsa tšepe (tse kang Mg²⁺ le Fe²⁺) setsing sa temo, hammoho le maemo a temo (pH, mocheso, lebelo la ho sisinyeha, jj.). Melemo ea ho belisoa e kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa, le lits'ebetso tse bonolo, e leng se etsang hore e lokele tlhahiso ea indasteri e kholo. Leha ho le joalo, litšenyehelo tsa karohano le tlhoekiso li ka ba holimo.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, di-surfactant tse entsweng ka enzymatic hangata di na le dibopeho tse bonolo tsa dimolek'hule empa di bontsha tshebetso e ntle ka ho lekana hodima metsi. Melemo ya mokgwa wa enzymatic e kenyeletsa ditjeo tse tlase tsa ho ntsha, bonolo ba phetoho ya sebopeho, tlhoekiso e otlolohileng, le ho sebediswa hape ha di-enzyme tse sa tsamayeng. Ho feta moo, di-surfactant tse enzymatic tse enzymatic di ka sebediswa ho hlahisa dihlahiswa tse nang le boleng bo hodimo, tse kang dikarolo tsa meriana. Le hoja ditjeo tsa di-enzyme di le hodimo hajwale, kgatelopele ya boenjiniere ba dijini ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba di-enzyme le mosebetsi e lebelletswe ho fokotsa ditjeo tsa tlhahiso.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-04-2025