Indlela yokusebenza kwe-crudeama-demulsifier kawoyelaisekelwe ku-theory ye-phase inversion-reverse deformation. Ngemva kokwengeza i-demulsifier, kwenzeka i-phase inversion, ikhiqiza ama-surfactant akhiqiza uhlobo oluphambene lwe-emulsion nolwakhiwe yi-emulsifier (i-reverse demulsifier). Lawa ma-demulsifier asebenzisana nama-emulsifiers angenawo umoya ukuze akhe ama-complexes, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izakhiwo ze-emulsifying. Enye indlela ukuqhuma kwefilimu ye-interfacial ngokushayisana. Ngaphansi kokushisa noma ukushukunyiswa, ama-demulsifier avame ukushayisana nefilimu ye-interfacial ye-emulsion—kungaba ukunamathela kuyo noma ukuhambisa amanye ama-molecule e-surfactant—okwenza ifilimu ingazinzi, okuholela ekuqhumeni, ekuhlanganiseni, nasekususweni ekugcineni.
Ama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe avame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokuhluzwa kwamafutha. Iningi lamafutha angahluziwe emhlabeni likhiqizwa ngendlela ehlanganisiwe. I-emulsion iqukethe okungenani uketshezi olubili olungaxubeki, lapho elinye lihlakazeka njengamaconsi amancane kakhulu (cishe ububanzi obuyi-1 mm) alengiswe kwelinye.
Ngokuvamile, olunye lwalezi ziphuzo ngamanzi, kanti olunye luyi-oyela. Amafutha angasakazwa kahle emanzini, akhe i-emulsion yamafutha emanzini (O/W), lapho amanzi eyi-phase eqhubekayo kanti uwoyela uyi-phase ehlakazekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma uwoyela uyi-phase eqhubekayo futhi amanzi ehlakazekile, akha i-emulsion yamanzi (W/O). Ama-emulsion amaningi kawoyela ongahluziwe angowohlobo lokugcina.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo ngezindlela zokususa uwoyela ongahluziwe lugxile ekubonweni okuningiliziwe kokuhlangana kwamaconsi kanye nomthelela wama-demulsifiers ku-rheology ye-interfacial. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima bokuxhumana kwe-demulsifier-emulsion, naphezu kocwaningo olubanzi, akukabikho mbono ohlangene mayelana nendlela yokususa ama-oyili.
Izindlela eziningana ezamukelwa kabanzi zifaka:
1. Ukufuduka kwama-molecule: Ama-molecule e-Demulsifier athatha indawo yama-emulsifier endaweni yokuxhumana, okwenza i-emulsion ingazinzi.
2. Ukuguquguquka kwemibimbi: Izifundo ze-Microscopic zibonisa ukuthi ama-emulsion e-W/O anezingqimba zamanzi ezimbili noma eziningi ezihlukaniswe yizindandatho zamafutha. Ngaphansi kokushisa, ukushukuma, kanye nesenzo se-demulsifier, lezi zingqimba ziyahlangana, okubangela ukuhlangana kwamaconsi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nezinhlelo ze-emulsion ze-O/W lusikisela ukuthi i-demulsifier efanelekile kumele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: umsebenzi oqinile womphezulu, ukumanzisa okuhle, ikhono lokunyakaza okwanele, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlangana.
Ama-demulsifier angahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ze-surfactant:
•Ama-demulsifier e-anionic: Ahlanganisa ama-carboxylates, ama-sulfonates, nama-polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Azisebenzi kahle, adinga imithamo emikhulu, futhi azwela kuma-electrolyte.
•Ama-demulsifier e-cationic: Ngokuyinhloko usawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary, osebenza kahle kumafutha alula kodwa ongafaneleki kumafutha asindayo noma amadala.
•Ama-demulsifier angewona ama-ionic: Ahlanganisa ama-block polyether aqalwa ama-amine noma ama-alcohols, ama-alkylphenol resin block polyethers, ama-phenol-amine resin block polyethers, ama-demulsifiers asekelwe ku-silicone, ama-demulsifiers anesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu kakhulu, ama-polyphosphates, ama-modified block polyethers, kanye nama-demulsifiers e-zwitterionic (isb., ama-demulsifiers kawoyela ongahluziwe asekelwe ku-imidazoline).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-22-2025