Ama-amine anamafutha abhekisela esigabeni esibanzi sezinhlanganisela ze-amine eziphilayo ezinobude beketanga lekhabhoni kusukela ku-C8 kuya ku-C22. Njengama-amine avamile, ahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezine ezinkulu: ama-amine ayinhloko, ama-amine esibili, ama-amine aphezulu, nama-polyamines. Umehluko phakathi kwama-amine aphansi, esibili, nasezingeni eliphezulu uncike enanini lama-athomu e-hydrogen ku-ammonia athathelwa indawo ngamaqembu e-alkyl.
Ama-amine anamafutha avela ku-organic ammonia. Ama-amine ama-Short-chain fatty amines (C8-10) abonisa ukuncibilika okuthile emanzini, kuyilapho ama-amine amafutha e-long-chain ngokuvamile awancibiliki emanzini futhi akhona njengoketshezi noma izinto eziqinile ezingeni lokushisa elivamile. Zinezakhiwo eziyisisekelo futhi, njengezisekelo ze-organic, zingacasula futhi zonakalisa isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.
Ikhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ngokusabela kotshwala obunamafutha nge-dimethylamine ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-amines e-monoalkyldimethyl tertiary, ukusabela kotshwala obunamafutha ane-monomethylamine ukwenza i-dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, kanye nokusabela kotshwala obunamafutha nge-ammonia ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-amine e-trialkyl tertiary amine.
Inqubo iqala ngokusabela kwama-fatty acids kanye ne-ammonia ukukhiqiza ama-nitriles anamafutha, abe ese-hydrogenated ukuze akhiqize ama-amine anamafutha ayisisekelo noma esibili. Lawa ma-amine ayisisekelo noma esibili athola i-hydrogendimethylation ukuze enze ama-amine aphezulu. Ama-amine ayinhloko, ngemva kwe-cyanoethylation kanye ne-hydrogenation, angaguqulwa abe ama-diamines. Ama-diamine aphinde athole i-cyanoethylation kanye ne-hydrogenation ukuze akhiqize ama-triamine, angase aguqulwe abe ama-tetramine ngokusebenzisa i-cyanoethylation eyengeziwe kanye ne-hydrogenation.
Izicelo ze-Fatty Amines
Ama-amine ayinhloko asetshenziswa njengama-corrosion inhibitors, okokugcoba, ama-ejenti okukhululwa kwesikhunta, izithasiselo zikawoyela, izithasiselo ze-pigment processing, ama-thickeners, ama-wetting agents, izithasiselo zothuli zikamanyolo, izithasiselo zikawoyela wenjini, ama-agent anti-caking agents, ama-ejenti okubumba, ama-flotation agents, amafutha okugcoba, ama-hydrophobic agents, izithasiselo zokuvimbela amanzi, izithasiselo zokuvimbela amanzi.
Ama-amine ayinhloko anekhabhoni ephezulu agcwele, njenge-octadecylamine, asebenza njengama-ejenti akhulula isikhunta senjoloba eqinile namagwebu e-polyurethane. I-Dodecylamine isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kabusha amarabha emvelo nawokwenziwa, njengesengezo kumakhemikhali ezixazululo ze-tin-plating, nasekunciphisweni kwe-isomaltose ukuze kukhiqizwe okuphuma kokuphuma kwe-malt. I-Oleylamine isetshenziswa njengesithako sika-diesel fuel.
Ukukhiqizwa kweCationic Surfactants
Ama-amine ayisisekelo nosawoti wawo asebenza njengama-ore flotation agents asebenzayo, ama-anti-caking agents for fertilizer noma iziqhumane, ama-paperproofing inhibitors, ama-corrosion inhibitors, izithasiselo zokugcoba, ama-biocides embonini ye-petroleum, izithasiselo zamafutha kanye nophethiloli, ama-ejenti okuhlanza i-elekthronikhi, ama-emulsifiers, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-organometal ye-organometal processing kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-organometal. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekuhlanzeni amanzi nanjengezinto zokubumba. Ama-amine ayisisekelo angaqashwa ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-asphalt emulsifiers ohlobo lwe-ammonium kasawoti ohlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekulungiseni imigwaqo yezinga eliphezulu, ukunciphisa amandla okusebenza kanye nokwelula ubude besikhathi somgwaqo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-Nonionic Surfactants
Ama-adducts ama-amine ayinhloko anamafutha ane-ethylene oxide asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengama-antistatic embonini yepulasitiki. Ama-amine ane-ethoxylated, njengoba engancibiliki kumapulasitiki, athutheleka phezulu, lapho emunca khona umswakama womkhathi, enze indawo yepulasitiki ibe yi-antistatic.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-Amphoteric Surfactants
I-Dodecylamine isabela nge-methyl acrylate futhi ingena kwi-saponification kanye ne-neutralization ukuze ikhiqize i-N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Lawa ma-surfactants abonakala ngezixazululo zawo zamanzi ezikhanyayo ezinombala okhanyayo noma ezingenambala, ukuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini noma i-ethanol, ukubola kwe-biodegradability, ukubekezelela amanzi aqinile, ukucasuka okuncane kwesikhumba, kanye nobuthi obuncane. Izicelo zihlanganisa ama-agent akhipha amagwebu, ama-emulsifiers, ama-corrosion inhibitors, izinto zokuhlanza uketshezi, ama-shampoos, ama-conditioner ezinwele, izithambisa, nama-antistatic agents.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-20-2025