Ukuzuza kwensimbi kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza elungiselela izinto ezingavuthiwe zokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali, futhi ukuntanta kwamagwebu sekuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzuza. Cishe yonke imithombo yamaminerali ingahlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa i-flotation.
Njengamanje, i-flotation isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuzuzeni izinsimbi ezinensimbi-ikakhulukazi insimbi ne-manganese-njenge-hematite, i-smithsonite, ne-ilmenite; izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva; izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi njengethusi, i-lead, i-zinc, i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, ne-antimony, kuhlanganise namaminerali e-sulfide afana ne-galena, i-sphalerite, i-chalcopyrite, i-bornite, i-molybdenite, ne-pentlandite, kanye namaminerali e-oxide afana ne-malachite, i-cerussite, i-hemissiteritemorphite, ne-wolferitemorphite Ibuye isetshenziselwe amaminerali kasawoti angewona awensimbi afana ne-fluorite, i-apatite, ne-barite, amaminerali kasawoti ancibilikayo afana ne-potash ne-rock salt, namaminerali angenayo i-metallic namaminerali e-silicate njengamalahle, i-graphite, isulfure, idayimane, i-quartz, i-mica, i-feldspar, i-beryl, ne-spodumene.
I-Flotation iqoqe ulwazi oluningi emkhakheni wokuzuza, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Amaminerali phambilini obekucatshangwa ukuthi awanalo inani lezimboni ngenxa yezinga eliphansi noma ukwakheka kwawo okuyinkimbinkimbi manje aseyatholwa (njengemithombo yesibili) ngokuntanta.
Njengoba imithombo yezimbiwa iya ngokuya incipha, namaminerali awusizo asatshalaliswa ngobunono nangokuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwezinsimbi, ubunzima bokuhlukana bukhulile. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza, izimboni ezifana nezinto ze-metallurgical namakhemikhali zibeke izindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezidingo ezinembile zokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa—okungukuthi, imikhiqizo ehlukanisiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, futhi ngakolunye, inselele yokuhlukanisa amaminerali acolisekile yenze ukuntanta kwaba ngcono kakhulu kunezinye izindlela, okukusungula njengendlela esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ethembisayo yokuzuza namuhla. Ekuqaleni isetshenziswa kumaminerali e-sulfide, i-flotation iye yanda kancane kancane yafaka amaminerali e-oxide namaminerali angewona ezensimbi. Namuhla, umthamo waminyaka yonke wamaminerali acutshungulwa yi-flotation udlula amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-flotation kunwetshiwe ngalé kobunjiniyela bokucubungula izimbiwa emikhakheni efana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, insimbi, ukwenza amaphepha, ezolimo, amakhemikhali, ukudla, izinto zokwakha, imithi, kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.
Izibonelo zifaka ukutholwa kokuntanta kwezinto ezibalulekile ezivela kumikhiqizo emaphakathi ku-pyrometallurgy, volatiles, kanye ne-slag; ukubuyiselwa kokuntanta kwezinsalela zokucwiliswa kanye nokugudluzwa kwe-hydrometallurgy; ukusetshenziswa kokuntanta embonini yamakhemikhali ukuze kukhishwe uyinki iphepha eligaywe kabusha kanye nokuthola imicu etshwaleni obudoti; kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zobunjiniyela bezemvelo ezifana nokukhipha uwoyela ongahluziwe osindayo enzinzini yomfula, ukuhlukanisa ukungcola okuqinile okuqinile emanzini angcolile, nokukhipha ama-colloid, amagciwane, kanye nokulandela ukungcola kwensimbi.
Ngokuthuthuka kwezinqubo nezindlela zokuntanta, kanye nokuvela kwemishini emisha esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuntanta kanye nemishini, i-flotation izothola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi nakakhulu kuzo zonke izimboni nezinkambu. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-flotation kuhilela izindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula (uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe noma amandla adonsela phansi), izimfuneko eziqinile zosayizi wezinhlayiyana zokuphakelayo, izici eziningi ezinethonya kunqubo yokuntanta efuna ukunemba okuphezulu kokusebenza, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo ezivela emanzini angcolile aqukethe ama-reagents asele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2025