Ukuzuza insimbi kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza elungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa zokuncibilikisa insimbi kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali, futhi ukukhukhuleka kwenkungu sekuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzuza. Cishe zonke izinsiza zamaminerali zingahlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa ukukhukhuleka.
Njengamanje, i-flotation isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuzuzeni izinsimbi zensimbi—ikakhulukazi insimbi ne-manganese—njenge-hematite, i-smithsonite, ne-ilmenite; izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva; izinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi ezifana nethusi, i-lead, i-zinc, i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, ne-antimony, kufaka phakathi amaminerali e-sulfide afana ne-galena, i-sphalerite, i-chalcopyrite, i-bornite, i-molybdenite, ne-pentlandite, kanye namaminerali e-oxide afana ne-malachite, i-cerussite, i-hemimorphite, i-cassiterite, ne-wolframite. Iphinde isetshenziswe kumaminerali kasawoti angewona awensimbi afana ne-fluorite, i-apatite, ne-barite, amaminerali kasawoti ancibilikayo afana ne-potassium ne-rock salt, kanye namaminerali angewona awensimbi namaminerali e-silicate afana namalahle, i-graphite, i-sulfur, idayimane, i-quartz, i-mica, i-feldspar, i-beryl, ne-spodumene.
I-Flotation iqoqe ulwazi oluningi emkhakheni wokuzuza, kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Izimbiwa ezazibhekwa njengezingenalo inani lezimboni ngenxa yezinga lazo eliphansi noma isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi manje sezitholakala (njengemithombo yesibili) ngokuflotha.
Njengoba izinsiza zamaminerali ziya ngokuya zincipha, njengoba amaminerali awusizo esatshalaliswa kahle futhi ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwe-ore, ubunzima bokuhlukaniswa buye bakhula. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza, izimboni ezifana nezinto zensimbi namakhemikhali zibeke amazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi kanye nezidingo zokunemba zokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa—okungukuthi, imikhiqizo ehlukanisiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, inselele yokuhlukanisa amaminerali acwebezelayo yenze ukuntanta kube ngcono kakhulu kunezinye izindlela, okwenza kube yindlela yokuzuza esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ethembisayo namuhla. Ekuqaleni isetshenziswa kumaminerali e-sulfide, ukuntanta kuye kwanda kancane kancane kwafaka amaminerali e-oxide kanye namaminerali angewona awensimbi. Namuhla, inani lamaminerali emhlabeni wonke elicutshungulwa ukuntanta lidlula amathani ayizigidigidi eziningana.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuntanta kuye kwanda ngale kobunjiniyela bokucubungula amaminerali kwaya emikhakheni efana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-metallurgy, ukwenza amaphepha, ezolimo, amakhemikhali, ukudla, izinto zokwakha, imithi, kanye ne-biology.
Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukubuyiswa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezivela emikhiqizweni ephakathi ku-pyrometallurgy, i-volatiles, kanye ne-slag; ukubuyiswa kwe-flotation kwezinsalela ze-leaching kanye nokufuduka kwe-precipitates ku-hydrometallurgy; ukusetshenziswa kwe-flotation embonini yamakhemikhali ukukhipha i-inki ephepheni elisetshenzisiwe kanye nokubuyisa imicu kudoti we-pulp; kanye nezicelo zobunjiniyela bezemvelo ezivamile njengokukhipha uwoyela onzima ongcolile ezidakeni zomfula, ukuhlukanisa ukungcola okuqinile emanzini angcolile, kanye nokususa ama-colloid, amabhaktheriya, kanye nokungcola kwensimbi elandelwayo.
Ngokuthuthuka kwezinqubo nezindlela zokuntanta, kanye nokuvela kwama-reagent amasha nemishini ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuntanta, ukuntanta kuzothola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi nakakhulu ezimbonini nasezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokuntanta kuhilela izindleko zokucubungula eziphakeme (uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic noma amandla adonsela phansi), izidingo eziqinile zosayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla, izici eziningi ezithonya enkambisweni yokuntanta ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokusebenza, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo ezivela emanzini angcolile aqukethe ama-reagent asele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2025