Umkhuba okhula kancane kancane womhlaba wonke wama-surfactants uhlinzeka ngendawo efanelekile yangaphandle yokuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa kwemboni yezimonyo, okubangela izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu esakhiweni somkhiqizo, ukuhlukahluka, ukusebenza, kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ama-surfactants ngokuhlelekile aphephile, athambile, alula ukubola, futhi anikwe imisebenzi ekhethekile, ngaleyo ndlela abeke isisekelo semfundiso yokudalwa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo emisha. Kufanele kuqalwe ukuthuthukisa ama-surfactants asekelwe ku-glycoside, kanye nokwehlukanisa ama-surfactants ohlobo lwe-polyol nolwe-alcohol; ukwenza ucwaningo oluhlelekile kuma-surfactants asuselwa ku-soya phospholipid; ukukhiqiza uhla lwe-sucrose fatty acid ester; ukuqinisa izifundo zobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa; kanye nokwandisa ububanzi bezicelo zemikhiqizo ekhona.
Isenzakalo lapho izinto ezingancibiliki emanzini zihlanganiswa khona ngokulinganayo emanzini ukuze zakhe i-emulsion sibizwa ngokuthi i-emulsification. Ezimonyweni, ama-emulsifier asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kwama-creams nama-lotion. Izinhlobo ezivamile ezifana ne-powdery vanishing cream kanye ne-"Zhongxing" vanishing cream yi-O/W (oil-in-water) emulsification, engahlanganiswa kusetshenziswa ama-anionic emulsifiers njengensipho ye-fatty acid. I-emulsification ngensipho yenza kube lula ukuthola ama-emulsions anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamafutha, kanti umphumela we-gelling wensipho uwanika i-viscosity ephezulu. Kuma-creams abandayo aqukethe ingxenye enkulu yesigaba samafutha, ama-emulsions ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-W/O (water-in-oil), lapho i-lanolin yemvelo—enomthamo wayo oqinile wokumunca amanzi kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu—ingakhethwa njenge-emulsifier. Njengamanje, ama-nonionic emulsifiers yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu, ngenxa yokuphepha kwawo kanye nokucasuka okuphansi.
Isenzakalo lapho ukuncibilika kwezinto ezincibilika kancane noma ezingancibiliki kukhuliswa khona sibizwa ngokuthi ukuncibilika. Lapho ama-surfactants engezwa emanzini, ukucindezelwa kwamanzi kuqala kwehla kakhulu, ngemva kwalokho ama-molecule e-surfactant aziwa ngokuthi ama-micelles aqala ukwakheka. Ukuxinana kwe-surfactant lapho kwenzeka khona ukwakheka kwe-micelle kubizwa ngokuthi i-critical micelle concentration (CMC). Uma ukuxinana kwe-surfactant kufinyelela ku-CMC, ama-micelles angabamba uwoyela noma izinhlayiya eziqinile emaphethelweni e-hydrophobic ama-molecule awo, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukuxinana kwezinto ezingancibiliki kahle noma ezingancibiliki kahle.
Ezimonyweni, izincibilikisi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-toners, amafutha ezinwele, kanye nokulungiselela ukukhula nokulungisa izinwele. Ngenxa yokuthi izithako zezimonyo ezinamafutha—njengeziqholo, amafutha, namavithamini ancibilikisiwe uwoyela—zihlukile ngesakhiwo kanye ne-polarity, izindlela zazo zokuncibilikisa nazo ziyahlukahluka; ngakho-ke, ama-surfactants afanele kumele akhethwe njengezincibilikisi. Isibonelo, njengoba ama-toners encibilikisa amaphunga, amafutha, kanye nemithi, ama-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers angasetshenziswa ngale njongo. Nakuba ama-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (uhlobo lwe-OP, uhlobo lwe-TX) anamandla amakhulu okuncibilikisa, ayacasula amehlo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngokuvamile ayagwenywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amphoteric derivatives asekelwe ku-castor oil abonisa ukuncibilikisa okuhle kakhulu kwamafutha anephunga namafutha emifino, futhi njengoba engacasuli amehlo, afaneleka ukulungiselela ama-shampoo athambile nezinye izimonyo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-05-2025