1.Surfactants don Haƙon Mai Mai yawa
Saboda yawan danko da rashin ruwa mai nauyi, hakowarsa yana haifar da gagarumin kalubale. Don dawo da irin wannan mai mai nauyi, wani lokaci ana yin allurar maganin surfactants a cikin rijiyar don canza ɗanyen ɗanyen mai daɗaɗɗen ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ƙarancin ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano a cikin ruwa, wanda za'a iya juyar dashi sama.
The surfactants amfani a cikin wannan nauyi mai emulsification da danko rage hanya sun hada da sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl barasa ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, da sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl barasa ether sulfate.
Emulsion ɗin da aka fitar da mai a cikin ruwa yana buƙatar rabuwar ruwa, wanda ma'aikatan masana'antu kuma ana amfani da su azaman demulsifiers. Wadannan demulsifiers sune emulsifiers na ruwa a cikin mai. Wadanda aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da cationic surfactants ko acid naphthenic, acid asphaltic, da gishirin ƙarfe su na polyvalent.
Don musamman danyen man da ba za a iya fitar da su ta amfani da hanyoyin yin famfo na al'ada ba, ana buƙatar allurar tururi don dawo da zafi. Don haɓaka ingantaccen farfadowa na thermal, surfactants sun zama dole. Hanya ɗaya ta gama gari ita ce shigar da kumfa a cikin rijiyar allurar tururi-musamman, magungunan kumfa mai tsayin daka tare da iskar gas mara ƙarfi.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na kumfa sun haɗa da alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, man fetur sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, da sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Saboda babban aikin su da kwanciyar hankali akan acid, sansanonin, oxygen, zafi, da mai, abubuwan da ake amfani da su na fluorinated sune madaidaitan ma'aunin kumfa mai zafi.
Don sauƙaƙe hanyar da aka tarwatsa mai ta hanyar tsarin kumburin makogwaro na samuwar ko don sanya mai a saman samuwar ya fi sauƙi don matsewa, ana amfani da abubuwan da ake kira surfactants da aka fi sani da masu yada fim na bakin ciki. Misali na kowa shine oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Surfactants Don Hako Danyen Mai
Ciro danyen man kakin zuma yana buƙatar rigakafin kakin zuma da cirewa akai-akai. Surfactants suna aiki azaman duka masu hana kakin zuma da masu rarraba paraffin.
Don hana kakin zuma, akwai surfactants masu narkewa mai-mai (wanda ke canza kaddarorin kayan lu'ulu'u na kakin zuma) da masu ruwa mai narkewa (waɗanda ke canza kaddarorin abubuwan abubuwan da ke cikin kakin zuma kamar tubing, sandunan tsotsa, da kayan aiki). Na kowa mai-soluble surfactants sun hada da man fetur sulfonates da amine-type surfactants. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu narkewa da ruwa sun haɗa da sodium alkyl sulfonate, gishiri ammonium quaternary, ethers alkyl polyoxyethylene, ethers polyoxyethylene aromatic, da abubuwan da suka samo asali na sodium sulfonate.
Don cirewar paraffin, ana kuma rarraba surfactants zuwa mai mai narkewa (amfani da masu cirewar paraffin mai tushen mai) da mai narkewa (kamar sulfate-nau'in, nau'in ammonium quaternary, nau'in polyether, nau'in Tween, nau'in OP-type, da sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type ko OPs).
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ayyukan cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje sun haɗa rigakafin kakin zuma da cirewa, tare da haɗa abubuwan cire mai da tushen ruwa zuwa rarrabuwar kakin zuma. Waɗannan suna amfani da hydrocarbons aromatic azaman lokacin mai da emulsifiers tare da kaddarorin narkar da paraffin azaman lokacin ruwa. Lokacin da emulsifier yana da madaidaicin girgije mai dacewa (zazzabi wanda ya zama gajimare), yana lalata ƙasa da yankin saka kakin zuma, yana sakin duka abubuwan biyu don yin aiki a lokaci ɗaya.
3.Surfactants don Rashin Ruwan Danyen Mai
A cikin farfaɗowar mai na farko da na sakandare, ana amfani da demulsifiers mai a cikin ruwa galibi. An haɓaka ƙarni uku na samfuran:
1.First ƙarni: Carboxylates, sulfates, da sulfonates.
2.Second generation: Low-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants (misali, OP, PEG, da sulfonated castor oil).
3.Third tsara: High-kwayoyin-nauyi nonionic surfactants.
A ƙarshen-mataki na biyu na farfadowa da dawo da manyan makarantu, ɗanyen mai sau da yawa yana kasancewa azaman emulsion na ruwa-a cikin mai. Demulsifiers sun faɗi zuwa rukuni huɗu:
Gishirin ammonium na Quaternary (misali, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), wanda ke amsawa tare da emulsifiers anionic don canza HLB (ma'auni na hydrophilic-lipophilic) ko adsorb akan barbashi na ruwa-rigar yumbu, canza ruwa.
· Anionic surfactants (aiki a matsayin mai-in-ruwa emulsifiers) da nonionic surfactants mai-mai narkewa, kuma tasiri ga karya ruwa-a-man emulsions.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-17-2025