1. Surfactants don Hako Mai Mai Mai
Saboda yawan danko da kuma rashin isasshen ruwa na mai mai yawa, fitar da shi yana haifar da manyan ƙalubale. Domin dawo da irin wannan mai mai nauyi, wani lokacin ana zuba ruwan surfactants a cikin rijiyar don mayar da danyen mai mai danko zuwa ƙaramin danko mai-cikin ruwa, wanda za a iya tura shi zuwa saman.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da surfactants a cikin wannan hanyar kawar da man fetur mai nauyi da rage danko sun hada da sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, da sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Ruwan da aka fitar da mai a cikin ruwa yana buƙatar rabuwar ruwa, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen cire ruwa daga masana'antu. Waɗannan ruwan da aka cire su suna da sinadarin emulsifier na ruwa a cikin mai. Waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da sinadarin cationic ko naphthenic acid, asfaltic acid, da gishirin ƙarfe mai yawa.
Ga musamman ɗanyen mai da ba za a iya cirewa ta amfani da hanyoyin famfo na gargajiya ba, ana buƙatar allurar tururi don dawo da zafi. Don haɓaka ingancin dawo da zafi, ana buƙatar surfactants. Hanya ɗaya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce a saka kumfa a cikin rijiyar allurar tururi—musamman, masu kumfa masu jure zafi mai yawa tare da iskar gas mara narkewa.
Sinadaran kumfa da aka fi amfani da su sun hada da alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, da sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Saboda yawan aikinsu a saman da kuma daidaiton da suke yi da acid, tushe, iskar oxygen, zafi, da mai, masu amfani da fluorinated surfactants sune sinadaran kumfa masu zafi sosai.
Domin sauƙaƙa wucewar mai da aka watsa ta cikin tsarin ramin da makogwaro na samuwar ko kuma don sauƙaƙa fitar da mai a saman samuwar, ana amfani da surfactants da aka sani da siraran fim masu yaɗawa. Misali gama gari shine oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2. Surfactants don Hako Mai na Kakin zuma
Cire man fetur mai kakin zuma yana buƙatar a riƙa hana shi da kuma cire shi akai-akai. Masu surfactants suna aiki a matsayin masu hana kakin zuma da kuma masu watsa paraffin.
Don hana kakin zuma, akwai surfactants masu narkewar mai (waɗanda ke canza halayen saman lu'ulu'u na kakin zuma) da kuma surfactants masu narkewar ruwa (waɗanda ke canza halayen saman da kakin zuma ke fitarwa kamar bututu, sandunan tsotsa, da kayan aiki). Surfactants masu narkewar mai da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da petroleum sulfonates da surfactants masu nau'in amine. Zaɓuɓɓukan da ke narkewar ruwa sun haɗa da sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, da kuma abubuwan da suka samo asali daga sodium sulfonate.
Don cire paraffin, ana kuma rarraba surfactants zuwa masu narkewar mai (ana amfani da su a cikin masu cire paraffin da ke tushen mai) da kuma masu narkewar ruwa (kamar sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, da sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type ko OP-type surfactants).
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ayyukan cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje sun haɗa da hana da kuma cire kakin zuma, suna haɗa masu cire mai da ruwa zuwa masu rarraba paraffin masu haɗaka. Waɗannan suna amfani da hydrocarbons masu ƙamshi a matsayin matakin mai da kuma masu fitar da ruwa tare da halayen narkewar paraffin a matsayin matakin ruwa. Lokacin da mai fitar da ruwa yana da wurin da ya dace na gajimare (zafin da yake zama gajimare), yana narkewa a ƙasan yankin ajiyar kakin zuma, yana sakin sassan biyu don yin aiki a lokaci guda.
3. Surfactants don bushewar ɗanyen mai
A fannin dawo da mai na farko da na sakandare, galibi ana amfani da na'urorin rage yawan mai a cikin ruwa. An ƙirƙiro samfura na ƙarni uku:
1. Tsarin farko: Carboxylates, sulfates, da sulfonates.
2. Tsarin halitta na biyu: Masu samar da sinadarai marasa sinadarin sinadarai masu ƙarancin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta (misali, OP, PEG, da man Castor mai sulfonated).
3. Tsarin ƙarni na uku: Manyan abubuwan da ba su da sinadarin sinadarai masu nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta.
A matakin ƙarshe na farfadowa na sakandare da kuma na uku, ɗanyen mai sau da yawa yana wanzuwa a matsayin emulsions na ruwa-a-man. Masu rage yawan mai sun faɗi cikin rukuni huɗu:
Gishirin ammonium na Quaternary (misali, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), waɗanda ke amsawa da emulsifiers na anionic don canza HLB (ma'aunin hydrophilic-lipophilic) ko kuma su shiga cikin ƙwayoyin yumbu da ruwa ya jike, suna canza yanayin danshi.
· Sinadaran Anionic (suna aiki a matsayin emulsifiers na mai a cikin ruwa) da kuma sinadaran da ba na ionic ba masu narkewa a cikin mai, kuma suna da tasiri wajen karya sinadarin da ke cikin ruwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-17-2025