1. Nā Surfactants no ka unuhi ʻaila kaumaha
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mānoanoa a me ka wai ʻole o ka ʻaila kaumaha, ua kū i nā pilikia he nui kona hoʻohana ʻana. No ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kēlā ʻaila kaumaha, hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā hopena wai o nā surfactants i loko o ka lua. Hoʻololi kēia kaʻina hana i ka ʻaila kaumaha viscosity kiʻekiʻe i nā emulsions ʻaila-i-ka-wai (O/W) me ka viscosity haʻahaʻa, a laila hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili. ʻO nā surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia ʻano emulsification ʻaila kaumaha a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka viscosity e komo pū me ka sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, a me sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā emulsions aila-i-ka-wai i hana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāpana wai, kahi e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau surfactants ʻoihana e like me nā demulsifiers. ʻO kēia mau demulsifiers he mau emulsifiers wai-i-ka-aila (W/O), me nā ʻano i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me nā surfactants cationic, nā waikawa naphthenic, nā waikawa asphaltenic, a me kā lākou mau paʻakai metala polyvalent.
No nā ʻano ʻaila kaumaha kūikawā i hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻāpana pamu maʻamau, pono ka hoʻokomo mahu no ka hoʻōla wela. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻōla wela, pono nā surfactants. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka huʻa—ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻopū i kū i ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe me nā kinoea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopūʻulu ʻia—i loko o nā lua hoʻokomo mahu kekahi o nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. ʻO nā mea hoʻopū i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me ka alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, a me ka sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.
Ma muli o ko lākou hana kiʻekiʻe ma luna a me ke kūpaʻa e kūʻē i nā waikawa, alkalis, oxygen, wela, a me ka ʻaila, ua manaʻo ʻia nā surfactants fluorinated he mau mea hoʻohua wela kiʻekiʻe kūpono. Eia kekahi, no ka hoʻomaʻalahi ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka ʻaila i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma o nā puʻu pore formation a i ʻole e hoʻolaha i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻaila mai nā ʻili formation, hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants i ʻike ʻia he mau mea hoʻolaha kiʻiʻoniʻoni, me ke ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia he polyoxalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2. Nā Surfactants no ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ʻaila maka waxy
No ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻaila maka waxy, pono e hana mau ʻia nā hana pale ʻana i ka waxy a me ka wehe ʻana i ka waxy, kahi e hana ai nā surfactants ma ke ʻano he mea kāohi a me ka wehe ʻana i ka waxy.
ʻO nā Surfactants no ka pale ʻana i ka wax e hāʻule i ʻelua mau māhele: nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻaila a me nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻohana ka mea mua i ko lākou hopena pale wax ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai o ka ʻili o nā kristal wax, me nā petroleum sulfonates a me nā amine-type surfactants nā ʻano i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Hana nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano o nā ʻili waiho wax (e like me nā ʻili o nā paipu ʻaila, nā koʻokoʻo sucker a me nā lako pili). ʻO nā koho i loaʻa e komo pū me ka sodium alkyl sulfonates, nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, a me kā lākou sodium sulfonate derivatives.
Ua māhele ʻia nā surfactants no ka wehe ʻana i ka wax i ʻelua ʻano ma muli o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona noi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā surfactants hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila i loko o nā mea wehe wax i hana ʻia me ka ʻaila, ʻoiai nā surfactants hoʻoheheʻe wai—me ke ʻano sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt-type, polyether-type, Tween-type a me OP-type surfactants, a me nā surfactants Peregal-type a me OP-type sulfate-esterified a i ʻole sulfonated—hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea wehe wax i hana ʻia me ka wai.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohui pū nā ʻoihana kūloko a me nā ʻoihana honua i ka wehe ʻana i ka wax me nā ʻenehana pale wax, a ua hui pū i nā mea wehe wax i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻaila a me ka wai e hoʻomohala i nā mea wehe wax hybrid. Hoʻohana kēlā mau huahana i nā hydrocarbons ʻala a me nā hydrocarbons ʻala i hui pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻaila, a me nā emulsifiers me nā waiwai wehe wax ma ke ʻano he ʻano wai. Ke lilo ka emulsifier i koho ʻia i surfactant nonionic me kahi kiko ao kūpono, hiki i ka mahana ma lalo o ka ʻāpana waiho wax o ka lua ʻaila ke hiki a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o kona kiko ao. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻokaʻawale ka mea wehe wax hybrid ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāpana waiho wax, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e hana synergistically e wehe i ka wax.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-04-2026