Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana surfactant ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā huahana

Ua holomua koke ka ʻenehana a me nā huahana surfactant ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me kekahi o lākou e hoʻokō ana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka honua. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā surfactants ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou e hoʻohana ana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me nā aila a me nā starches ua lilo ia i mea nui i nā noiʻi hou, ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a me nā hana ʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻano surfactant a me nā derivatives e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

ʻOiai ua holomua koke ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano surfactant liʻiliʻi hana, aia nō kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāhui i hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO ka functionalization kekahi kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka surfactant, i kākoʻo ʻia e ke alakaʻi kulekele aupuni a ua ʻike nui ʻia e ka ʻoihana. Ua hana nā ʻoihana noiʻi kūloko, nā kulanui, a me nā ʻoihana i nā hoʻoikaika nui ma kēia kahua, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena hoʻohiki.

I loko o nā hopena wai, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​surfactants e hoʻololi i ka hana hopena (ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻemi i ka ʻili o ka ʻili) akā hoʻopilikia nui hoʻi i nā waiwai e pili ana i ka holoi ʻana e like me ka penetration, adsorption, wetting, dispersion, emulsification, solubilization, a me ka foaming—ʻoi aku hoʻi kokoke i ka nui o ka micelle koʻikoʻi (CMC).

ʻAʻole nā ​​​​surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia i nā detergents synthetic he mau hui hoʻokahi maʻemaʻe akā loaʻa pinepine nā nui like ʻole o nā homologs e pili ana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa o ka detergent, me ke koena i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole a me nā mea kōkua e lawelawe ana i nā hana like ʻole. No laila, ʻo ke kaʻina holoi o nā detergents synthetic multi-component e pili ana i kahi ʻano hana paʻakikī a synergistic.

ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o nā mea holoi synthetic he mau molekala amphiphilic, nona nā hui hydrophobic (aloha i ka ʻaila) a me hydrophilic (aloha i ka wai). Hoʻopili kēia mau molekala ma nā interfaces, e hana ana i nā monolayers e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻilikai - kahi waiwai i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hana ʻili (a i ʻole interfacial). ʻO nā mea e hōʻike ana i kēia waiwai ua kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea hana ʻili (surfactants).

I ka holoi ʻana i nā lole i ʻaila ʻia me ka wai wale nō, ʻo ka hui ʻole ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ka wai e paʻakikī ai ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻila. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kopa a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea holoi synthetic e hoʻololi i ka tension interfacial ma waena o ka ʻaila, ka wai, ka lole, a me ka ea, e hoʻoulu ai i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka penetration, adsorption, wetting, dispersion, emulsification, solubilization, a me ka foaming. I hui pū ʻia me ka hana mechanical (scrubbing a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka mīkini), hiki i kēia ke wehe pono i nā ʻila ʻaila.