Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov surfactants rau kev siv cov roj hnyav thiab cov roj nyoos waxy

1. Cov tshuaj Surfactants rau cov roj hnyav rho tawm

Vim yog cov roj hnyav muaj viscosity siab thiab tsis zoo fluidity, nws txoj kev siv yuav ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Yuav kom rov qab tau cov roj hnyav no, cov kua dej ntawm surfactants qee zaum raug txhaj rau hauv qhov downhole. Cov txheej txheem no hloov cov roj hnyav muaj viscosity siab mus rau hauv cov roj-hauv-dej (O/W) emulsions nrog viscosity qis, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem pumped mus rau saum npoo. Cov surfactants siv hauv cov roj hnyav emulsification thiab viscosity txo txoj kev no suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, thiab sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.

Cov roj-hauv-dej emulsions tsim tawm yuav tsum tau dehydrated kom cais cov dej, uas kuj yuav tsum tau siv qee yam surfactants kev lag luam ua demulsifiers. Cov demulsifiers no yog dej-hauv-roj (W/O) emulsifiers, nrog rau cov hom siv feem ntau suav nrog cationic surfactants, naphthenic acids, asphaltenic acids, thiab lawv cov polyvalent hlau ntsev.

Rau cov roj hnyav tshwj xeeb uas cov twj tso kua mis ib txwm siv tsis tau, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov pa kom rov qab tau los ntawm cua sov. Yuav kom ua tau zoo dua qub, yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj surfactants. Kev txhaj tshuaj ua npuas ncauj—piv txwv li, txhaj cov neeg ua npuas ncauj uas tiv taus kub siab nrog cov pa roj uas tsis sib xyaw—rau hauv cov qhov dej txhaj tshuaj yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem uas feem ntau siv. Cov neeg ua npuas ncauj uas siv ntau zaus suav nrog alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, thiab sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.

Vim lawv muaj zog tiv taus cov kua qaub, alkalis, oxygen, cua sov, thiab roj, cov tshuaj fluorinated surfactants yog cov tshuaj zoo rau kev ua npuas dej kub. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, txhawm rau kom cov roj tawg mus rau hauv cov qhov hauv cov pob zeb lossis txhawb kom cov roj tawm ntawm cov pob zeb, cov tshuaj surfactants hu ua cov tshuaj diffusing film raug siv, hom uas feem ntau siv yog polyoxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.

2. Cov tshuaj Surfactants rau Waxy Crude Oil Recovery

Txhawm rau kom rov qab tau cov roj av uas muaj roj nplaum, yuav tsum tau ua cov haujlwm tiv thaiv roj nplaum thiab tshem tawm roj nplaum tsis tu ncua, qhov twg cov surfactants ua haujlwm ua ob qho tib si inhibitors thiab tshem tawm roj nplaum.

Cov tshuaj surfactants rau kev tiv thaiv cov quav ciab muaj ob pawg: cov surfactants uas yaj tau hauv roj thiab cov surfactants uas yaj tau hauv dej. Cov thawj zaug ua rau lawv cov nyhuv tiv thaiv quav ciab los ntawm kev hloov kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov siv lead ua los ntawm quav ciab, nrog rau cov roj av sulfonates thiab cov surfactants hom amine yog cov hom siv ntau. Cov surfactants uas yaj tau hauv dej ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chaw tso quav ciab (xws li cov chaw ntawm cov roj tubing, cov pas nrig sucker thiab cov khoom siv cuam tshuam). Cov kev xaiv muaj suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium ntsev, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, nrog rau lawv cov sodium sulfonate derivatives.

Cov tshuaj surfactants rau kev tshem tawm cov quav ciab kuj muab faib ua ob hom raws li lawv cov xwm txheej siv. Cov surfactants uas yaj tau hauv roj tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj tshem tawm quav ciab uas muaj roj, thaum cov surfactants uas yaj tau hauv dej—xws li cov tshuaj sulfonate-hom, quaternary ammonium ntsev-hom, polyether-hom, Tween-hom thiab OP-hom surfactants, nrog rau cov tshuaj sulfate-esterified lossis sulfonated Peregal-hom thiab OP-hom surfactants—yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tshem tawm quav ciab uas muaj dej.

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ob qho kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb tau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tshem tawm cov quav ciab nrog cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv quav ciab, thiab ua ke cov tshuaj tshem tawm quav ciab uas yog roj thiab dej los tsim cov tshuaj tshem tawm quav ciab sib xyaw. Cov khoom no siv cov hydrocarbons aromatic thiab cov hydrocarbons sib xyaw ua cov roj, thiab cov emulsifiers nrog cov khoom tshem tawm quav ciab ua cov dej. Thaum cov emulsifier xaiv yog cov surfactant nonionic nrog qhov chaw huab cua tsim nyog, qhov kub hauv qab qhov chaw tso quav ciab ntawm lub qhov roj tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis tshaj nws qhov chaw huab cua. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tshem tawm quav ciab sib xyaw ua ke demulsifies ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw tso quav ciab, sib cais ua ob yam khoom uas ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke los tshem tawm quav ciab.