Fatty amines xa mus rau ntau pawg ntawm cov organic amine tebchaw nrog carbon saw ntev li ntawm C8 txog C22. Zoo li cov amines dav dav, lawv tau muab faib ua plaub hom loj: thawj amines, theem nrab amines, tertiary amines, thiab polyamines. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov thawj, theem nrab, thiab tertiary amines nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus hydrogen atoms hauv ammonia uas tau hloov los ntawm pawg alkyl.
Fatty amines yog cov organic derivatives ntawm ammonia. Short-chain fatty amines (C8-10) muaj qee yam solubility nyob rau hauv dej, whereas ntev-chain fatty amines feem ntau insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua los yog solids ntawm chav tsev kub. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv yooj yim thiab, raws li cov organic hauv paus, tuaj yeem ua rau khaus thiab ua rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes.
Feem ntau ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm fatty alcohols nrog dimethylamine los tawm los monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm fatty alcohols nrog monomethylamine los tsim dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm fatty alcohols nrog ammonia los tsim trialkyl tertiary amines.
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm fatty acids thiab ammonia los tsim fatty nitriles, uas yog tom qab ntawd hydrogenated los tawm los ntawm thawj lossis theem nrab fatty amines. Cov thawj lossis theem nrab amines no tau txais hydrogendimethylation los ua tertiary amines. Thawj amines, tom qab cyanoethylation thiab hydrogenation, tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv diamines. Diamines ntxiv mus rau cyanoethylation thiab hydrogenation los tsim triamines, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv tetramines los ntawm kev ntxiv cyanoethylation thiab hydrogenation.
Kev siv Fatty Amines
Primary amines yog siv los ua corrosion inhibitors, lubricants, pwm tso cov neeg ua haujlwm, roj additives, pigment processing additives, thickeners, wetting agents, fertilizer dust suppressants, engine oil additives, fertilizer anti-caking agents, molding agents, flotation agents, gear lubricants, hydrophobic agents, waterproofing additives, wax and more emuls.
Saturated high-carbon thawj amines, xws li octadecylamine, ua cov pwm tso tawm rau cov roj hmab tawv thiab polyurethane foams. Dodecylamine yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub regeneration ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws roj hmab, raws li ib tug surfactant nyob rau hauv tshuaj tin-plating daws, thiab nyob rau hauv lub reductive amination ntawm isomaltose los tsim malt derivatives. Oleylamine yog siv los ua cov roj av ntxiv.
Kev tsim cov cationic surfactants
Primary amines thiab lawv cov ntsev ua haujlwm raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo ore flotation, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov chiv lossis cov khoom tawg, cov ntaub ntawv dej tsis zoo, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, lubricant additives, biocides nyob rau hauv cov roj av kev lag luam, additives rau fuels thiab roj av, hluav taws xob tu neeg ua hauj lwm, emulsifiers, thiab nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov pigmental txheej txheem. Lawv kuj tau siv hauv kev kho dej thiab ua cov tshuaj molding. Thawj amines tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los tsim cov quaternary ammonium ntsev-hom asphalt emulsifiers, uas tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov qib siab, txo kev siv zog thiab txuas ntxiv kev ua neej nyob.
Kev tsim tawm ntawm Nonionic Surfactants
Cov adducts ntawm fatty thawj amines nrog ethylene oxide feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev lag luam yas. Ethoxylated amines, yog insoluble nyob rau hauv plastics, tsiv mus nyob rau saum npoo, uas lawv nqus atmospheric noo noo, ua rau cov yas nto antistatic.
Kev tsim tawm ntawm Amphoteric Surfactants
Dodecylamine reacts nrog methyl acrylate thiab undergoes saponification thiab neutralization kom tawm los N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Cov surfactants no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov xim dawb lossis xim tsis muaj xim pob tshab aqueous daws teeb meem, siab solubility hauv dej los yog ethanol, biodegradability, tawv dej kam rau ua, tsawg heev ntawm daim tawv nqaij irritation, thiab tsawg toxicity. Cov ntawv thov suav nrog cov tshuaj ua npuas dej, emulsifiers, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, tshuaj pleev plaub hau, softeners, thiab antistatic agents.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-20-2025