Ndị na-arụ ọrụ surfactants nwere ọtụtụ ojiji na owuwu pavement asphalt, ọkachasị gụnyere akụkụ ndị a:
1. Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta ọkụ
(1) Usoro Ọrụ
Ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta ọkụ bụ ụdị surfactant (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta ọkụ APTL) nke mejupụtara otu lipophilic na hydrophilic n'ime nhazi molekul ha. N'oge ngwakọta ngwakọta asphalt, a na-efesa ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta ọkụ n'ime ite ngwakọta ahụ na asphalt. N'okpuru nrụgide igwe, otu lipophilic na-ejikọ na asphalt, ebe molekul mmiri fọdụrụ na-ejikọta na otu hydrophilic iji mepụta ihe nkiri mmiri nhazi n'etiti ihe mkpuchi asphalt. Ihe nkiri mmiri a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mmanụ, na-eme ka ngwakọta ahụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma n'oge ngwakọta. N'oge nhazi na njikọta, ihe nkiri mmiri nhazi na-aga n'ihu na-enye mmanụ, na-eme ka ọsọ nhazi dịkwuo elu ma na-eme ka ngwakọta ahụ dị mfe. Mgbe emechara njikọta ahụ, molekul mmiri na-apụ n'anya nwayọ nwayọ, surfactant na-akwaga na njikọ dị n'etiti asphalt na aggregates, na-eme ka arụmọrụ njikọ dị n'etiti ihe ngwakọta na ihe njikọ asphalt sikwuo ike.
(2) Uru
Ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta ọkụ nwere ike ibelata okpomọkụ ngwakọta, paịpụ, na mkpụkọ site na 30–60°C, na-agbatị oge owuwu ahụ ruo na gburugburu ebe okpomọkụ karịrị 0°C. Ha na-ebelata mwepụta CO₂ site na ihe dị ka 50% na mwepụta gas na-egbu egbu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, anwụrụ ọkụ asphalt) site na ihe karịrị 80%. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-egbochi ịka nká asphalt, na-ahụ na ịdị mma nke mkpụkọ na arụmọrụ owuwu, ma na-agbatị ndụ ọrụ nke paịpụ asphalt. Ọzọkwa, iji ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta ọkụ nwere ike ime ka mmepụta nke osisi ngwakọta dịkwuo elu site na 20–25% ma bulie ọsọ paịpụ/mkpụkọ site na 10–20%, si otú a na-eme ka arụmọrụ owuwu dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata oge owuwu.
2. Dị ka ihe ndị na-eme ka asphalt dị nro
(1) Nhazi na Njirimara
Emulsifiers Asphalt bụ surfactants nke e kewara site na njirimara ionic gaa na ụdị cationic, anionic, non-ionic, na amphoteric. Emulsifiers asphalt cationic na-abanye n'ime ihe ndị a na-enwetaghị ihe ọ bụla site na ụgwọ dị mma, na-enye njikọ siri ike - na-eme ka ha dabara adaba karịsịa maka mpaghara mmiri mmiri na mmiri ozuzo. Emulsifiers anionic, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị ọnụ ala, enweghị ike iguzogide mmiri ma a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ha. Emulsifiers na-abụghị ionic na amphoteric na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche. E kewara ha site na ọsọ demulsification, ha gụnyere nhazi nwayọ (eji maka mkpuchi slurry na imegharị oyi), nhazi etiti (ịhazi oge mmeghe na ọsọ ọgwụgwọ), na nhazi ngwa ngwa (eji maka ọgwụgwọ elu iji mee ka ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa na mmeghe okporo ụzọ) dị iche iche.
(2) Ihe Ndị E Ji Arụ Ọrụ
Ihe ndị na-eme ka asphalt emulsifier na-eme ka ngwakọta oyi na usoro pavement oyi ghara ịdị mkpa maka ikpo ọkụ asphalt, na-ebelata oriri ike site na ihe karịrị 30% - uru dị ukwuu n'ebe ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ ndozi okporo ụzọ obodo ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikwa ha maka mmezi mgbochi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, slurry seal) iji rụzie pavements ochie ma gbasaa ndụ ọrụ site na afọ 5-8. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-akwado imegharị oyi n'ime ebe ahụ, na-enweta 100% imegharị ihe pavement ochie asphalt ma na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa site na 20%.
3. Ime ka Asphalt Cutback na ngwakọta ya dịkwuo mma
(1) Mmetụta
A na-emepụta ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị arọ (AMS) dị n'ime ya na Span80, mgbe etinyere ya na asphalt cutback, nke na-ebelata nrụgide elu na njikọ asphalt-aggregate nke ukwuu ma na-ebelata viscosity nke asphalt cutback. Nke a na-eme ka ngwakọta ahụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-ebelata oke mmanụ dizel. Ntinye nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ya na-eme ka asphalt gbasaa n'elu ihe ndị a chịkọtara, na-ebelata iguzogide n'oge a na-emepe ụzọ, ma na-eme ka oke njedebe nke ngwakọta asphalt cutback dịkwuo elu—na-eme ka ngwakọta ahụ dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka arụmọrụ pave/compaction dịkwuo mma.
(2) Usoro nhazi
Ihe ndị mejupụtara ha na-agbanwe nrụgide dị n'etiti asphalt na aggregates, na-eme ka ngwakọta asphalt nwee ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ dị mma ọbụlagodi na mbelata dose nke ihe ndị na-agbaze. Na dose nke surfactant nke 1.0–1.5%, mmezi nke pavement na compaction nke ngwakọta asphalt cutback yiri ka ịgbakwunye 4–6% dizel diluent, na-enye ohere ka ngwakọta ahụ nweta otu nha nha na ike compaction.
4. Maka imegharị ihe n'oyi nke okporo ụzọ asphalt
(1) Usoro Mmegharị Ihe
Ihe ndị na-eme ka asphalt dịghachi ndụ oyi bụ ihe ndị na-eme ka asphalt dị n'ime obere ihe site na iji kemịkalụ mee ihe ma mee ka ha sie ike n'ime mmiri, ọrụ ha bụ isi na-eme ka asphalt dị n'ime okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndị na-eme ka asphalt dị n'ime mmiri na-emepụta oyi akwa adsorption nke na-adabere na njikọ asphalt-aggregate, na-eguzogide mbuze mmiri - karịsịa dị irè maka mkpokọta acidic. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ndị dị na mmanụ dị mfe na asphalt emulsed na-abanye na asphalt ochie, na-eweghachi mgbanwe ya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ma na-amụba ọnụego imegharị ihe nke ihe ndị a weghachitere.
(2) Uru
Teknụzụ imegharị ihe n'oyi na-eme ka ngwakọta na owuwu nke okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ka o kwe omume, na-ebelata oriri ike site na 50-70% ma e jiri ya tụnyere imegharị ihe n'okpomọkụ na ibelata ikuku gas na-ekupụta n'ime ụlọ. Ọ dabara na ihe achọrọ nke imegharị ihe onwunwe na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.
Oge ozi: Disemba-09-2025