Kedu ihe bụ ojiji nke surfactants na mmepụta mmanụ?

1. Surfactants maka mwepụta mmanụ dị arọ

N'ihi oke viscosity na enweghị mmiri mmiri nke mmanụ dị arọ, mwepụ ya na-eweta nnukwu nsogbu. Iji weghachite mmanụ dị arọ dị otú ahụ, a na-agba mmiri mmiri nke surfactants n'ime olulu mmiri ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ iji gbanwee ihe dị oke viscosity ka ọ bụrụ emulsion mmanụ dị n'ime mmiri nke na-adịghị amị amị, nke enwere ike ịfụnye n'elu ya.

Ihe ndị e ji eme ka mmanụ dị arọ dị ka mmanụ a na-amịpụta na mbelata viscosity gụnyere sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, na sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.

Mmiri emulsion nke e si n'ime mmanụ wepụta chọrọ nkewa mmiri, nke a na-ejikwa ihe e ji eme ihe n'ime ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ihe e ji eme ihe n'ime mmiri. Mmiri emulsifiers ndị a bụ ihe emulsifiers mmiri-na-mmanụ. Ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere ihe e ji eme ihe n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe e ji eme ihe n'ime mmiri, ihe e ji eme ihe n'ime mmiri, na nnu ígwè polyvalent ha.

Maka ude mmiri siri ike nke a na-apụghị iji usoro mgbapụta nkịtị wepụta, a chọrọ injection uzuoku maka mgbake okpomọkụ. Iji mee ka arụmọrụ mgbake okpomọkụ dịkwuo mma, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị nro dị mkpa. Otu ụzọ a na-esi eme ya bụ itinye ụfụfụ n'ime ntụtụ uzuoku nke ọma—karịsịa, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nke na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu yana gas ndị na-anaghị amịkọrọ mmiri.

Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ụfụfụ gụnyere alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, na sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. N'ihi ọrụ elu ha na nkwụsi ike ha megide asịd, ntọala, oxygen, okpomọkụ, na mmanụ, surfactants fluorinated bụ ihe ndị na-eme ka ụfụfụ dị elu dị mma.

Iji mee ka mmanụ agbasasị gafere n'ime usoro oghere akpịrị nke nhazi ahụ ma ọ bụ mee ka mmanụ dị n'elu nhazi ahụ dị mfe iwepụ, a na-eji ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nke a maara dị ka ihe na-agbasa ihe nkiri. Ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ka oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.

2.Surfactants maka mwepụ mmanụ waxy crude

Ịmịpụta mmanụ dị ka waxy chọrọ mgbochi na iwepụ wax mgbe niile. Surfactants na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi wax na ihe na-ekesa paraffin.

Maka igbochi wax, enwere surfactants na-agbaze mmanụ (nke na-agbanwe ihe ndị dị n'elu kristal wax) na surfactants na-agbaze mmiri (nke na-agbanwe ihe ndị dị n'elu wax-deposition dị ka tubing, mkpara sucker, na akụrụngwa). Surfactants ndị a na-ahụkarị na mmanụ gụnyere petroleum sulfonates na surfactants ụdị amine. Nhọrọ ndị a na-agbaze mmiri gụnyere sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, na sodium sulfonate derivatives ha.

Maka iwepụ paraffin, a na-ekewakwa surfactants n'ime ihe ndị na-agbaze mmanụ (eji na ihe ndị na-ewepụ paraffin dabere na mmanụ) na ihe ndị na-agbaze mmiri (dịka sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, na sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type ma ọ bụ OP-type surfactants).

N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro ime obodo na nke mba ụwa ejikọtala mgbochi na mwepụ wax, na-ejikọta ihe mwepụ mmanụ na mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ekesa paraffin ngwakọ. Ndị a na-eji hydrocarbons na-esi ísì ụtọ dị ka usoro mmanụ na emulsifiers nwere ihe na-agbaze paraffin dị ka usoro mmiri. Mgbe emulsifier nwere ebe igwe ojii kwesịrị ekwesị (okpomọkụ nke ọ na-aghọ igwe ojii), ọ na-agbaze n'okpuru mpaghara ebe a na-edebe wax, na-ahapụ ihe abụọ ahụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ n'otu oge.

3. Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụcha mmanụ

N'oge mgbake mmanụ mbụ na nke abụọ, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ dị n'ime mmiri rụọ ọrụ. Emepụtala ọgbọ atọ nke ngwaahịa:

1. Ọgbọ mbụ: Carboxylates, sulfates, na sulfonates.

2. Ọgbọ nke abụọ: Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị na ionic (dịka ọmụmaatụ, OP, PEG, na mmanụ castor sulfonated).

3. Ọgbọ nke atọ: Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-abụghị ndị na-emepụta ihe dị arọ nke molekul dị elu.

N'oge mgbake nke abụọ na mgbake nke atọ, mmanụ nkịtị na-adịkarị ka emulsions mmiri-n'ime-mmanụ. Ihe ndị na-ebelata ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị n'ime ụdị anọ:

·Nnu ammonium nke Quaternary (dịka ọmụmaatụ, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), nke na-emeghachi omume na emulsifiers anionic iji gbanwee HLB ha (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) ma ọ bụ na-abanye n'ime ụrọ mmiri mmiri, na-agbanwe ike mmiri.

·Anionic surfactants (na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe emulsifiers mmanụ n'ime mmiri) na ihe na-abụghị nke ionic surfactants na-agbaze na mmanụ, dịkwa irè maka imebi ihe emulsions mmiri n'ime mmanụ.

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