N'ozuzu, enwere ike kewaa ụzọ mgbochi nchara n'ime ụdị isi abụọ:
1.Nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ihe ndị na-eguzogide nchara na ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ.
2.Ịhọrọ usoro ọrụ na usoro akụrụngwa kwesịrị ekwesị.
Ịgbaso iwu usoro n'imepụta kemịkalụ nke ọma nwere ike iwepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa na-emebi emebi. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụgodị na ejiri ihe ndị na-eguzogide nchara dị elu, usoro ọrụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ka nwere ike ibute nnukwu mmebi.
1. Ihe Mgbochi Nrụgide Na-adịghị n'Aka;
Dịka ọ na-adịkarị, itinye obere ihe mgbochi nchara n'ime gburugburu ebe a na-emebi ihe nwere ike ibelata nchara ígwè nke ukwuu. A na-ekewa ihe mgbochi ndị a n'ụdị atọ: ihe mgbochi inorganic, organic, na vapor-phase, nke ọ bụla nwere usoro dị iche iche.
• Ihe mgbochi Anodic (na-ebelata usoro anodic):
Ndị a gụnyere ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ka oxidizers (chromates, nitrites, iron ion, wdg) nke na-akwalite anodic passivation ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri anodic (alkalis, phosphates, silicates, benzoates, wdg) nke na-emepụta ihe nkiri nchebe n'elu anode. Ha na-emeghachi omume karịsịa na mpaghara anodic, na-eme ka anodic polarization dịkwuo mma. N'ozuzu, ihe mgbochi anodic na-emepụta ihe nkiri nchebe n'elu anode, nke dị irè nke ukwuu mana nwere ihe egwu ụfọdụ - enweghị oke dose nwere ike ibute mkpuchi fim na-ezughị ezu, na-ahapụ obere ebe metal a na-ekpughere na nnukwu njupụta anodic current, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe imebi ihe.
• Ndị na-egbochi Kathodic (na-arụ ọrụ na mmeghachi omume kathodic):
Ihe atụ gụnyere calcium, zinc, magnesium, copper, na manganese ion, nke na-emeghachi omume na ion hydroxide nke emepụtara na kathode iji mepụta hydroxides na-anaghị agbaze agbaze. Ndị a na-emepụta ihe nkiri dị oke arọ n'elu kathode, na-egbochi mgbasa oxygen ma na-eme ka polarization nke njupụta dịkwuo elu.
• Ngwakọta Mgbochi (na-egbochi mmeghachi omume anodic na cathodic):
Ihe ndị a chọrọ mkpebi nnwale nke oke dose kachasị mma.
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2. Ihe ndị na-egbochi corrosion organic
Ihe mgbochi organic na-arụ ọrụ site na mmịpụta, na-emepụta ihe nkiri a na-anaghị ahụ anya, nke nwere oke molekul n'elu ígwè ahụ nke na-egbochi mmeghachi omume anodic na cathodic n'otu oge (ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere arụmọrụ dị iche iche). Ihe mgbochi organic a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ihe ndị nwere nitrogen-, sulfur-, oxygen-, na phosphorus. Usoro mmịpụta ha dabere na nhazi molekul ma enwere ike kewaa ha dị ka:
· Mmetụta nke ike eletrik
· Ịmịpụta kemịkalụ
· π-bond (electron a gbapụrụ agbahapụ)
A na-eji ihe mgbochi organic eme ihe nke ukwuu ma na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa, mana ha nwekwara nsogbu, dịka:
· Mmetọ ngwaahịa (karịsịa n'ihe gbasara nri)—ọ bụ ezie na ọ bara uru n'otu ọkachamara
ogbo mmepụta, ha nwere ike ịghọ ihe na-emerụ ahụ na nke ọzọ.
·Mgbochi mmeghachi omume achọrọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ibelata mwepụ nke ihe nkiri n'oge a na-amịkọrọ acid).
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3. Ihe Mgbochi Nrụgide nke Upo na Oge;
Ndị a bụ ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu nwere otu ọrụ na-egbochi ire ere, nke a na-ejikarị echebe akụkụ ígwè n'oge nchekwa na mbugharị (ọtụtụ mgbe n'ụdị siri ike). Uzu ha na-ewepụta otu ndị na-egbochi ikuku, nke na-abanye n'elu ígwè ahụ iji mee ka ire ere dị nwayọ.
Ọzọkwa, ha bụ ihe mgbochi ndị na-amịkọrọ ihe, nke pụtara na elu ígwè echekwara anaghị achọ iwepụ nchara tupu oge eruo.
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Oge ozi: Ọktoba-09-2025