Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Surfactants Pakumanga Pakhoma la Asphalt

Ma surfactants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga miyala ya asphalt, makamaka kuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Monga Zowonjezera Zosakaniza Zofunda

(1) Njira Yogwirira Ntchito

Zowonjezera zosakaniza zofunda ndi mtundu wa surfactant (monga zowonjezera zosakaniza zofunda zamtundu wa APTL) zopangidwa ndi magulu a lipophilic ndi hydrophilic mu kapangidwe kawo ka molekyulu. Pakusakaniza zosakaniza za phula, zowonjezera zosakaniza zofunda zimathiridwa mumphika wosakaniza mogwirizana ndi phula. Pansi pa kugwedezeka kwa makina, magulu a lipophilic amalumikizana ndi phula, pomwe mamolekyu amadzi otsala amalumikizana ndi magulu a hydrophilic kuti apange filimu yamadzi yomangidwa pakati pa ma aggregates okhala ndi phula. Filimu yamadzi iyi imagwira ntchito ngati mafuta, kukulitsa kugwira ntchito kwa chisakanizo panthawi yosakaniza. Pakuyika ndi kukanikiza, filimu yamadzi yomangidwa imapitiriza kupereka mafuta, kuonjezera liwiro la kuyika ndikuthandizira kukanikiza kwa chisakanizo. Pambuyo pokanikiza, mamolekyu amadzi pang'onopang'ono amasamuka, ndipo surfactant imasamukira ku malo olumikizirana pakati pa phula ndi ma aggregates, kulimbitsa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa ma aggregates ndi asphalt binder.

(2) Ubwino

Zowonjezera zosakaniza zofunda zimatha kuchepetsa kutentha kosakaniza, kuyika miyala, ndi kukanikiza ndi 30–60°C, ndikuwonjezera nyengo yomanga mpaka pamalo opitilira 0°C. Zimachepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ ndi pafupifupi 50% ndi mpweya woipa (monga utsi wa phula) ndi kupitirira 80%. Kuphatikiza apo, zimaletsa kukalamba kwa phula, zimawonetsetsa kuti kukanikizana kuli bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito omanga, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya phula. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zosakaniza zofunda kumatha kuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa zomera zosakaniza ndi 20–25% ndikukweza liwiro la kuyika miyala/kukanikizana ndi 10–20%, potero kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito omanga ndikufupikitsa nthawi yomanga.

2. Monga Zopangira Ma Acphalt

(1) Kugawa ndi Makhalidwe

Ma emulsifier a Asphalt ndi ma surfactants omwe amagawidwa malinga ndi makhalidwe a ionic m'magulu a cationic, anionic, non-ionic, ndi amphoteric. Ma emulsifier a asphalt a cationic amalowa m'ma aggregates omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoyipa kudzera mu ma positive charges, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwirizana kwambiri - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri m'madera amvula komanso amvula. Ma emulsifier a Anionic, ngakhale kuti ndi otsika mtengo, amakhala ndi kukana madzi pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasinthidwa. Ma emulsifier omwe si a ionic ndi amphoteric amakwaniritsa zofunikira za malo apadera. Amagawidwa malinga ndi liwiro la demulsification, amaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa pang'onopang'ono (kogwiritsidwa ntchito potseka slurry ndi kubwezeretsanso kozizira), kukhazikitsa kwapakati (kulinganiza nthawi yotsegulira ndi liwiro loyeretsa), ndi kukhazikitsa mwachangu (kogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza pamwamba kuti zitheke kuyeretsa mwachangu ndi kutsegulira magalimoto).

(2) Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Ma emulsifier a asphalt amathandizira kusakaniza kozizira ndi njira zozizira zomwe zimachotsa kufunikira kwa kutentha kwa phula, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30% - phindu lalikulu m'madera akutali amapiri kapena kukonza misewu mwachangu m'mizinda. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza njira zopewera (monga, slurry seal) kukonza misewu yakale ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki ndi zaka 5-8. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kubwezeretsanso kozizira komwe kumachitika mkati, kukwaniritsa kubwezeretsanso 100% kwa zipangizo zakale za phula ndikuchepetsa ndalama ndi 20%.

3. Kukonza Kugwira Ntchito kwa Asphalt Yodulidwa ndi Zosakaniza Zake

(1) Zotsatira

Ma surfactants opangidwa ndi kuphatikiza mafuta olemera ochepetsa kukhuthala (AMS) ndi Span80, akawonjezeredwa ku asphalt yodulidwa, amachepetsa kwambiri kupsinjika kwa pamwamba pa asphalt-aggregate interface ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa asphalt yodulidwa. Izi zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino osakaniza pamene akuchepetsa mlingo wa dizilo. Kuphatikiza ma surfactants ophatikizidwa kumawonjezera kufalikira kwa asphalt pamalo ophatikizidwa, kumachepetsa kukana panthawi yopangira, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka komaliza kwa zosakaniza za asphalt yodulidwa—kukweza kufanana kosakaniza ndi magwiridwe antchito a paving/compaction.

(2) Njira

Ma compound surfactants amasintha mphamvu ya madzi pakati pa phula ndi ma aggregates, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zosakaniza za asphalt zisunge bwino ntchito yomanga ngakhale ndi mlingo wochepa wa diluent. Pa mlingo wa surfactant wa 1.0–1.5%, kusintha kwa makhalidwe a paving ndi compactity a zosakaniza za asphalt cutback kuli kofanana ndi kuwonjezera 4–6% dizilo diluent, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zosakanizazo zikhale zofanana komanso kuti zikhale zogwira ntchito bwino.

4. Kubwezeretsanso Madzi Ozungulira a Asphalt Mozizira

(1) Njira Yobwezeretsanso Zinthu

Ma emulsifier a phula obwezeretsanso zinthu ozizira ndi ma surfactant omwe amafalitsa phula kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikulikhazikitsa m'madzi, ndipo ntchito yawo yayikulu imalola kuti phula lipangidwe kutentha kwa mlengalenga. Mamolekyu a emulsifier amapanga gawo lolunjika la adsorption pamalo olumikizirana ndi phula, zomwe zimaletsa kukokoloka kwa madzi—makamaka zothandiza pa ma aggregates a acid. Pakadali pano, zigawo zamafuta opepuka mu phula losungunuka zimalowa mu phula lokalamba, ndikubwezeretsa pang'ono kusinthasintha kwake ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zabwezeretsedwa.

(2) Ubwino

Ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso zinthu mozizira umathandiza kusakaniza ndi kumanga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa mlengalenga, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 50–70% poyerekeza ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu motentha komanso kuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsa mpweya woipa. Umagwirizana ndi zofunikira zobwezeretsanso zinthu ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.